Pajštún – hrad neďaleko od Bratislavy

Pajš­tún je hrad nad obcou Borin­ka vo výš­ke 486 met­rov nad morom. Vedie k nemu via­ce­ro turis­tic­kých ciest, napr. aj z neďa­le­kej Stu­pa­vy. Uhor­ský kráľ Ladi­slav IV. sa dostal do spo­ru s veľ­mož­ským rodom Köse­gi­ov­cov, v kto­rom po boku krá­ľa bojo­val Ruge­rius z Tal­lesb­run­nu. Za vojen­ské záslu­hy zís­kal Ruge­rius majet­ky. Na jed­nom z nich dal posta­viť hrad Pei­lens­te­in (Pelys­tan – Pajš­tún). Pod­ľa hra­du sa do roku 1948 vola­la aj dedi­na Borin­ka Pajš­tún. V polo­vi­ci 18. sto­ro­čia hrad vyho­rel. V júni 1809 napo­le­on­ské voj­sko vyho­di­lo Pajš­tún do povet­ria (Infor­mač­ná tabu­ľa). Prvá zmien­ka o hra­de Peros­ty­an je z roku 1349. Pome­no­va­nie pochá­dza z nemec­ké­ho ​“Paul­lens­te­in” – Ska­la Pav­lí­nov. Zrej­me pod­ľa rehoľ­né­ho rádu Pav­lí­nov z neďa­le­kej Marian­ky (cas​trum​.ic​.cz)

V časoch vojen slú­žil Pajš­tún aj ako úto­čis­ko pre mní­chov a pre posvät­né pred­me­ty ako napr. pre vzác­nu soš­ku Pan­ny Márie. Spo­mí­na­ný bol aj ako Stu­pav­ský hrad. V 17. sto­ro­čí Pál­fi­ov­ci hrad pre­sta­vať. Mas­ka­ró­ny na Pajš­tún­skom hra­de sa nápad­ne podo­ba­jú s tými na Boj­nic­kom zám­ku. Zhod­né sú aj kame­nár­ske znač­ky na oboch hra­doch – sved­čia o rov­na­kých sta­veb­ných maj­stroch a čin­nos­ti Pav­la Pál­fy­ho (bolo na borin​ka​.sk).

Ku hra­du pat­rí prí­rod­ná rezer­vá­cia Pod Pajš­tú­nom, kde sa nachá­dza­jú dubovo-​hrabové, buko­vé a lipovo-​javorové les­né spo­lo­čen­stvá, lesostep­né xero­term­né spo­lo­čen­stvá. Počet­né sú tu viac ako 300 roč­né duby. Okrem iné­ho tu môže­me nájsť rásť Lat­hy­rus niger, Melit­tis meli­sop­hyl­lum, Aspe­ru­la odo­ra­ta, Den­ta­ria bul­bi­fe­ra, Vin­ce­to­xi­cum hirun­di­na­ria, Cam­pa­nu­la rapun­cu­lo­ides, Asp­le­nim tri­cho­ma­nes, Teuc­rium mon­ta­num, T. cha­ma­ed­rys, Parie­ta­ria offi­ci­na­lis. Zo živo­čí­chov: Luca­nus cer­vus, Ceram­byx cer­do, Zame­nis lon­gis­si­mus, Par­nas­sius mne­mo­sy­ne (Infor­mač­ná tabu­ľa). Rezer­vá­cia o roz­lo­he 148 hek­tá­rov bola vyhlá­se­ná v roku 1984 (stu​pa​va​.sk).

Pajš­tún is a cast­le situ­ated abo­ve the vil­la­ge of Borin­ka at an ele­va­ti­on of 486 meters abo­ve sea level. Seve­ral hiking trails lead to the cast­le, inc­lu­ding one from the near­by Stu­pa­va. Hun­ga­rian King Ladis­laus IV found him­self in a dis­pu­te with the nob­le fami­ly Köse­gi­ov­cov, in which Ruge­rius of Tal­lesb­runn fought along­si­de the king. In recog­ni­ti­on of his mili­ta­ry merits, Ruge­rius acqu­ired pro­per­ties, and on one of them, he built the cast­le Pei­lens­te­in (Pelys­tan – Pajš­tún). Until 1948, the vil­la­ge of Borin­ka was also cal­led Pajš­tún, named after the cast­le. In the mid-​18th cen­tu­ry, the cast­le was des­tro­y­ed by fire. In June 1809, during the Napo­le­onic Wars, Pajš­tún was blo­wn up by the French army (Infor­ma­ti­on Board). The first men­ti­on of the cast­le Peros­ty­an dates back to 1349. The name comes from the Ger­man ​“Paul­lens­te­in” – Rock of Pau­li­nes, like­ly refer­ring to the Pau­li­ne monks from the near­by Marian­ka (cas​trum​.ic​.cz).

During times of war, Pajš­tún ser­ved as a refu­ge for monks and sac­red objects, such as the pre­ci­ous sta­tue of the Vir­gin Mary. It was also refer­red to as Stu­pa­va Cast­le. In the 17^th cen­tu­ry, the Pál­fy fami­ly recons­truc­ted the cast­le. The mas­ca­rons on Pajš­tún Cast­le bear a stri­king resem­blan­ce to tho­se at Boj­ni­ce Cast­le. Sto­ne mar­kers on both cast­les are iden­ti­cal, indi­ca­ting the invol­ve­ment of the same mas­ter buil­ders, notab­ly Pavel Pál­fy (sour­ce: borin​ka​.sk).

The cast­le is sur­roun­ded by the natu­ral reser­ve Pod Pajš­tú­nom, home to oak-​hornbeam, beech, and lime-​maple forest com­mu­ni­ties, as well as forest-​steppe xerot­her­mic com­mu­ni­ties. The area boasts over 300-​year-​old oak tre­es. Flo­ra inc­lu­des spe­cies such as Lat­hy­rus niger, Melit­tis meli­sop­hyl­lum, Aspe­ru­la odo­ra­ta, Den­ta­ria bul­bi­fe­ra, Vin­ce­to­xi­cum hirun­di­na­ria, Cam­pa­nu­la rapun­cu­lo­ides, Asp­le­nium tri­cho­ma­nes, Teuc­rium mon­ta­num, T. cha­ma­ed­rys, Parie­ta­ria offi­ci­na­lis. Fau­na fea­tu­res Luca­nus cer­vus, Ceram­byx cer­do, Zame­nis lon­gis­si­mus, Par­nas­sius mne­mo­sy­ne (Infor­ma­ti­on Board). The reser­ve, cove­ring an area of 148 hec­ta­res, was dec­la­red in 1984 (stu​pa​va​.sk).

Odka­zy

• Marek Cal­tík – Pajštún
• Tucet zrú­ca­nín opra­de­ných mýtmi
• Pano​ra​ma​.sk
• Val​ka​.cz
• Alpin Club Lomo­tí­va Bratislava
• Foar­to
• Hla­vu Hore
• Wiki​pe​dia​.sk

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