Taliani - Skala

Lozorno sa nachádza na juhozápade Slovenska, 24 km od Bratislavy, v blízkosti západných svahov Malých Karpát, v regiónie Záhorie (lozorno.sk). Leží v nadmorskej výške 188 metrov nad morom. Na ploche 44.79 km² tu žije 3 022 obyvateľov (Wikipedia). V obci sa nachádza Kostol svätej Kataríny z Alexandrie z roku 1630. Baroková Kaplnka svätého Vendelína je z roku 1729 (lozorno.sk). V minulosti tu bola lesná železnica, ktorej stopy sa však ťažko hľadajú. Bola stavaná po roku 1918, zanikla v 30-tych rokoch 20. storočia (lozorno.sk). Nad Lozornom sa nachádza vodná nádrž, z ktorej vyteká Suchý potok (lozorno.sk). Pri tejto nádrži je situované Múzeum historických vozidiel, v priestoroch bývalých kasární (lozorno.sk). Z Lozorna pochádza cyklista Anton Tkáč (Wikipedia).

História Lozorna je spojená s hradom Pajštún. V roku 1280 ho gróf Rugerius začal opravovať. Talianskí, moravskí a slovenskí majstri opravujúci hrad, začali prvé osídľovanie Lozorna. Avšak obec sa prvý krát spomína až v roku 1438 ako Ezelarn. Toto pomenovanie ja najpravdepodobnejšie odvodené on nemeského Esel, čo znamená somár. Somáre sa používali obchodníkmi na prepravu tovaru. Ďalším historickým názvom je Zorno. Lozorno sa v stredoveku dynamicky rozvíjala aj vďaka kolonistom z Rakúska a po roku 1526, prisťahovalcom z Chorvátska. Obyvatelia sa venovali poľnohospodárstvu, lisovaniu oleja, tkáčstvu, pestovaniu viniča, chovu ťažných zvierat, páleniu vápna a dreveného uhlia. V rokoch 1970 až 1973 bola popri obci vybudovaná diaľnica Bratislava – Malacky. Vznikol oddychový areál na Košariskách a na Kamennom mlyne (lozorno.sk).

Lozorno is situated in the southwest of Slovakia, 24 km from Bratislava, near the western slopes of the Small Carpathians, in the Záhorie region (lozorno.sk). It lies at an elevation of 188 meters above sea level. With an area of 44.79 km2, the village is home to 3,022 residents (Wikipedia). The village hosts the Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria, dating back to 1630, and the Baroque Chapel of St. Wendelin, built in 1729 (lozorno.sk). In the past, there was a forest railway in Lozorno, but traces of it are challenging to find. It was constructed after 1918 and disappeared in the 1930s (lozorno.sk). Above Lozorno, there is a reservoir, and the Dry Stream flows from it (lozorno.sk). The Museum of Historical Vehicles is located near this reservoir, in the premises of former barracks (lozorno.sk). The cyclist Anton Tkáč hails from Lozorno (Wikipedia).

The history of Lozorno is linked to Pajštún Castle. In 1280, Count Rugerius began its reconstruction, and Italian, Moravian, and Slovak masters working on the castle initiated the first settlement of Lozorno. However, the village is first mentioned in 1438 as Ezelarn, likely derived from the German Esel, meaning donkey. Donkeys were used by traders for transporting goods. Another historical name is Zorno. In the Middle Ages, Lozorno experienced dynamic development, also thanks to colonists from Austria and, after 1526, immigrants from Croatia. The inhabitants were engaged in agriculture, oil pressing, weaving, vine cultivation, draught animal breeding, lime burning, and charcoal production. From 1970 to 1973, the Bratislava-Malacky highway was built near the village. A recreational area was established at Košariská and Kamenný Mlyn (lozorno.sk).

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2014

Krajina v tvare čižmy, ktorá vychádza z kontinentu a z ostatných strán je obklopená Stredozemným morom. Taliansko má slávnu históriu, kto by nepoznal staroveký Rím, obdobie antiky, Nera, Marca Aurelia, Cézara?

V Taliansku žije viac ako 60 miliónov obyvateľov na ploche 301 230 km². Má niekoľko ostrovov: Síciliu, Sardíniu, Elbu, Capri, Tremiti a Ischiu (Wikipedia.sk). Väčšina Talianska je Apeninským poloostrovom. Na severe sa vypínajú Alpy, na hraniciach s Francúzskom je najvyšší vrch Európy Mont Blanc. Cez poloostrov sa tiahnu Apeniny. Na ostrovoch sú činné sopky Vezuv, Etna, Stromboli (Wikipedia.sk).

Pomerne veľké zastúpenie majú národnosti okrem domácej, ktorá tvorí takmer 93 % populácie. A to najmä rumuni, severoafričania, albánci, čínania, ukrajinci. Veľké mestá Talianska: Rím (Rome), Miláno (Milan), Neapol, Turín, Palermo, Janov (Genoa), Bologna, Florencia, Bari, Catania, Benátky (Venice), Verona, Messina, Padova (Padua) (Wikipedia ENG). Regióny Talianska: Abruzzo, Basilicata, Kalábria, Campania, Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardínia, Sicília, Toskánsko, Trentino – Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d`Aousta, Venécia (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Rím je sídlom pápeža. Veľmi známa je veta: „Všetky cesty vedú do Ríma„.

V staroveku na území Talianska existovali mestské štáty čiastočne založených na gréckej kolonizácii a etruské mestá. V 8. storočí vznikol Rím, ktorý zažil veľkú slávu a tešil sa jej viac ako tisíc rokov. Zanikol v roku 476 (Wikipedia.cz). V staroveku (264 – 144 pred n. l.) počas púnskym vojen Féničania z Kartága bojovali proti Rimanom. V rokoch 73 – 71 pred n. l. prebehlo Spartakove povstanie. Spartakus bol gladiátor (Petra Surmová).

Niektorí zo slávnych vládcov Ríma: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Pertinax, Septimus Severus, Valerian, Gallienus, Quintillus, Tacitus, Florianus, Diocletian, Flavius Valerius Severus, Licinius, Theodosius, Romulus Augustulus (List of Roman emperors). Známi hudobní skladatelia: Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, Gioacchino Rossini, Nicolo Paganini, Giuseppe Verdi, Gaeotano Donizetti. Známi maliari: Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Caravaggio, Titian, Raphael, spisovatelia: Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Torquato Tasso, filozofovia: Giordano Bruno, Niccolo Machiavelli, filmári: Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Sergio Leone, vedci: Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Enrico Fermi, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Alessandro Volta, Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Camillo Golgi, Guglielmo Marconi (Wikipedia ENG).

Svetoznáme sú módne značky Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani (worldcat.org), Benetton (Delana Mikolášová), aperitívy: Cinzano, Martini, Campari, syry: mozzarella, gorgonzola, parmigiano, (Delana Mikolášová), futbalové kluby: Juventus Turín, AC Miláno, Lazio Rím, Inter Miláno, AC Parma, SSC Neapol.

Italy, shaped like a boot, extends from the continent and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Italy boasts a rich history, with the renowned ancient Rome, the antiquity period, and iconic figures like Nero, Marcus Aurelius, and Caesar.

With a population exceeding 60 million across 301,230 km², Italy includes several islands such as Sicily, Sardinia, Elba, Capri, Tremiti, and Ischia (Wikipedia.sk). The majority of Italy is the Apennine Peninsula. The Alps rise to the north, with Mont Blanc, Europe’s highest peak, bordering France. The Apennines stretch across the peninsula. Active volcanoes, including Vesuvius, Etna, and Stromboli, are found on the islands (Wikipedia.sk).

Apart from the predominantly native population, making up almost 93%, Italy hosts diverse nationalities like Romanians, North Africans, Albanians, Chinese, and Ukrainians. Major cities include Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Genoa, Bologna, Florence, Bari, Catania, Venice, Verona, Messina, and Padua (Wikipedia ENG). Regions in Italy encompass Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardy, Marche, Molise, Piedmont, Puglia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany, Trentino – Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d’Aosta, and Veneto (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Rome serves as the papal residence, and the famous saying goes, „All roads lead to Rome.“

In ancient times, Italy was home to city-states partly founded on Greek colonization and Etruscan cities. Rome emerged in the 8th century, experiencing grandeur for over a millennium before its decline in 476 (Wikipedia.cz). In the ancient era (264 – 144 BC), during the Punic Wars, the Phoenicians from Carthage fought against the Romans. The Spartacus uprising occurred between 73 – 71 BC, led by the gladiator Spartacus (Petra Surmová).

Some notable Roman rulers include Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus, among others (List of Roman emperors). Renowned composers from Italy include Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, and Giuseppe Verdi. The country has produced celebrated artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, and Caravaggio, and famous writers such as Dante Alighieri and Giovanni Boccaccio. Notable philosophers include Giordano Bruno and Niccolo Machiavelli. In cinema, Italy boasts directors like Federico Fellini and Sergio Leone. The country has produced influential scientists, including Galileo Galilei and Enrico Fermi (Wikipedia ENG).

Italy is home to world-famous fashion brands like Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani, and Benetton (worldcat.org). Iconic aperitifs like Cinzano, Martini, and Campari, as well as cheeses like mozzarella, gorgonzola, and parmigiano, have gained global recognition (Delana Mikolášová). Football clubs like Juventus Turin, AC Milan, Lazio Rome, Inter Milan, AC Parma, and SSC Naples are prominent in Italian sports.

Itálie, una terra a forma di stivale che sporge dal continente e che da ogni altra parte è circondata dal Mar Mediterraneo. L’Italia vanta una storia illustre, chi non conosce l’antica Roma, il periodo dell’antichità, Nerva, Marco Aurelio, Cesare?

In Italia vivono più di 60 milioni di abitanti su una superficie di 301.230 km2. Ha diverse isole: la Sicilia, la Sardegna, l’Elba, Capri, le Tremiti e Ischia (Wikipedia.sk). La maggior parte dell’Italia è costituita dalla penisola appenninica. A nord si ergono le Alpi, con il Monte Bianco che segna il confine con la Francia. Attraverso la penisola si estendono gli Appennini. Sulle isole ci sono vulcani attivi come il Vesuvio, l’Etna, lo Stromboli (Wikipedia.sk).

Le nazionalità hanno una rappresentanza piuttosto ampia, oltre alla popolazione locale che costituisce quasi il 93% della popolazione. Queste includono rumeni, nordafricani, albanesi, cinesi, ucraini. Le grandi città d’Italia includono Roma (Rome), Milano (Milano), Napoli, Torino, Palermo, Genova (Genoa), Bologna, Firenze, Bari, Catania, Venezia (Venice), Verona, Messina, Padova (Padua) (Wikipedia ENG). Le regioni italiane includono l’Abruzzo, la Basilicata, la Calabria, la Campania, l’Emilia Romagna, il Friuli Venezia Giulia, il Lazio, la Liguria, la Lombardia, le Marche, il Molise, il Piemonte, la Puglia, la Sardegna, la Sicilia, la Toscana, il Trentino – Alto Adige, l’Umbria, la Valle d’Aosta, il Veneto (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Roma è la sede del Papa. Molto nota è la frase: „Tutte le strade portano a Roma“.

Nell’antichità, sul territorio italiano, esistevano città-stato parzialmente fondate sulla colonizzazione greca e sulle città etrusche. Nel VIII secolo si formò Roma, che visse una grande gloria per più di mille anni e scomparve nel 476 (Wikipedia.cz). Nell’antichità (264 – 144 a.C.) durante le guerre puniche i Fenici di Cartagine combatterono contro i Romani. Negli anni 73 – 71 a.C. si verificò la rivolta di Spartaco. Spartaco era un gladiatore (Petra Surmová).

Alcuni dei famosi governanti di Roma includono Augusto, Tiberio, Caligola, Claudio, Nerone, Vespasiano, Tito, Traiano, Adriano, Antonino Pio, Lucio Vero, Marco Aurelio, Commodo, Pertinace, Settimio Severo, Valeriano, Gallieno, Quintillo, Tacito, Floriano, Diocleziano, Flavio Valerio Severo, Licinio, Teodosio, Romolo Augusto (List of Roman emperors). Famosi compositori musicali italiani includono Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, Gioachino Rossini, Niccolò Paganini, Giuseppe Verdi, Gaetano Donizetti. Artisti famosi includono Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Caravaggio, Tiziano, Raffaello, scrittori come Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Torquato Tasso, filosofi come Giordano Bruno, Niccolò Machiavelli, registi come Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Sergio Leone, scienziati come Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Enrico Fermi, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Alessandro Volta, Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Camillo Golgi, Guglielmo Marconi (Wikipedia ENG).

Sono famose in tutto il mondo marche di moda come Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani (worldcat.org), Benetton (Delana Mikolášová), aperitivi come Cinzano, Martini, Campari, formaggi come mozzarella, gorgonzola, parmigiano (Delana Mikolášová), e squadre di calcio come la Juventus di Torino, l’AC Milano, la Lazio di Roma, l’Inter Milano, l’AC Parma, il SSC Napoli.

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