Krajina, Zahraničie, Typ krajiny, Mestá, TOP, Fotografie

Taliansko

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v tvare čižmy, ktorá vychádza z kontinentu a z ostatných strán je obklopená Stredozemným morom. má slávnu históriu, kto by nepoznal staroveký Rím, obdobie antiky, Nera, Marca Aurelia, Cézara?

V Taliansku žije viac ako 60 miliónov obyvateľov na ploche 301 230 km2. Má niekoľko ostrovov: Síciliu, Sardíniu, Elbu, Capri, Tremiti a Ischiu (Wikipedia.sk). Väčšina Talianska je Apeninským poloostrovom. Na severe sa vypínajú Alpy, na hraniciach s Francúzskom je najvyšší vrch Európy Mont Blanc. Cez poloostrov sa tiahnu Apeniny. Na ostrovoch sú činné sopky Vezuv, Etna, Stromboli (Wikipedia.sk).

Pomerne veľké zastúpenie majú národnosti okrem domácej, ktorá tvorí takmer 93 % populácie. A to najmä rumuni, severoafričania, albánci, čínania, ukrajinci. Veľké Talianska: Rím (Rome), Miláno (Milan), Neapol, Turín, Palermo, Janov (Genoa), Bologna, Florencia, Bari, Catania, Benátky (Venice), Verona, Messina, Padova (Padua) (Wikipedia ENG). Regióny Talianska: Abruzzo, Basilicata, Kalábria, Campania, Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise, Piemonte, Puglia, Sardínia, Sicília, Toskánsko, Trentino – Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d`Aousta, Venécia (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Rím je sídlom pápeža. Veľmi známa je veta: „Všetky vedú do Ríma„.

V staroveku na území Talianska existovali mestské štáty čiastočne založených na gréckej kolonizácii a etruské mestá. V 8. storočí vznikol Rím, ktorý zažil veľkú slávu a tešil sa jej viac ako tisíc rokov. Zanikol v roku 476 (Wikipedia.cz). V staroveku (264 – 144 pred n. l.) počas púnskym vojen Féničania z Kartága bojovali proti Rimanom. V rokoch 73 – 71 pred n. l. prebehlo Spartakove povstanie. Spartakus bol gladiátor (Petra Surmová). 

Niektorí zo slávnych vládcov Ríma: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vitellius, Vespasian, Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, Commodus, Pertinax, Septimus Severus, Valerian, Gallienus, Quintillus, Tacitus, Florianus, Diocletian, Flavius Valerius Severus, Licinius, Theodosius, Romulus Augustulus (List of Roman emperors). Známi hudobní skladatelia: Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, Gioacchino Rossini, Nicolo Paganini, Giuseppe Verdi, Gaeotano Donizetti. Známi maliari: Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Caravaggio, Titian, Raphael, spisovatelia: Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Torquato Tasso, filozofovia: Giordano Bruno, Niccolo Machiavelli, filmári: Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Sergio Leone, vedci: Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Enrico Fermi, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Alessandro Volta, Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Camillo Golgi, Guglielmo Marconi (Wikipedia ENG).

Svetoznáme sú módne značky Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani (worldcat.org), Benetton (Delana Mikolášová), aperitívy: Cinzano, Martini, Campari, syry: mozzarella, gorgonzola, parmigiano, (Delana Mikolášová), futbalové kluby: Juventus Turín, AC Miláno, Lazio Rím, Inter Miláno, AC Parma, SSC Neapol.

Italy, shaped like a boot, extends from the continent and is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Italy boasts a rich history, with the renowned ancient Rome, the antiquity period, and iconic figures like Nero, Marcus Aurelius, and Caesar.

With a population exceeding 60 million across 301,230 km², Italy includes several islands such as Sicily, Sardinia, Elba, Capri, Tremiti, and Ischia (Wikipedia.sk). The majority of Italy is the Apennine Peninsula. The Alps rise to the north, with Mont Blanc, Europe’s highest peak, bordering France. The Apennines stretch across the peninsula. Active volcanoes, including Vesuvius, Etna, and Stromboli, are found on the islands (Wikipedia.sk).

Apart from the predominantly native population, making up almost 93%, Italy hosts diverse nationalities like Romanians, North Africans, Albanians, Chinese, and Ukrainians. Major cities include Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Palermo, Genoa, Bologna, Florence, Bari, Catania, Venice, Verona, Messina, and Padua (Wikipedia ENG). Regions in Italy encompass Abruzzo, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia Romagna, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardy, Marche, Molise, Piedmont, Puglia, Sardinia, Sicily, Tuscany, Trentino – Alto Adige, Umbria, Valle d’Aosta, and Veneto (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Rome serves as the papal residence, and the famous saying goes, „All roads lead to Rome.“

In ancient times, Italy was home to city-states partly founded on Greek colonization and Etruscan cities. Rome emerged in the 8th century, experiencing grandeur for over a millennium before its decline in 476 (Wikipedia.cz). In the ancient era (264 – 144 BC), during the Punic Wars, the Phoenicians from Carthage fought against the Romans. The Spartacus uprising occurred between 73 – 71 BC, led by the gladiator Spartacus (Petra Surmová).

Some notable Roman rulers include Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Trajan, Hadrian, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus, among others (List of Roman emperors). Renowned composers from Italy include Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Vivaldi, and Giuseppe Verdi. The country has produced celebrated artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, and Caravaggio, and famous writers such as Dante Alighieri and Giovanni Boccaccio. Notable philosophers include Giordano Bruno and Niccolo Machiavelli. In cinema, Italy boasts directors like Federico Fellini and Sergio Leone. The country has produced influential scientists, including Galileo Galilei and Enrico Fermi (Wikipedia ENG).

Italy is home to world-famous fashion brands like Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani, and Benetton (worldcat.org). Iconic aperitifs like Cinzano, Martini, and Campari, as well as cheeses like mozzarella, gorgonzola, and parmigiano, have gained global recognition (Delana Mikolášová). Football clubs like Juventus Turin, AC Milan, Lazio Rome, Inter Milan, AC Parma, and SSC Naples are prominent in Italian sports.

Itálie, una terra a forma di stivale che sporge dal continente e che da ogni altra parte è circondata dal Mar Mediterraneo. L’Italia vanta una storia illustre, chi non conosce l’antica Roma, il periodo dell’antichità, Nerva, Marco Aurelio, Cesare?

In Italia vivono più di 60 milioni di abitanti su una superficie di 301.230 km2. Ha diverse isole: la Sicilia, la Sardegna, l’Elba, Capri, le Tremiti e Ischia (Wikipedia.sk). La maggior parte dell’Italia è costituita dalla penisola appenninica. A nord si ergono le Alpi, con il Monte Bianco che segna il confine con la Francia. Attraverso la penisola si estendono gli Appennini. Sulle isole ci sono vulcani attivi come il Vesuvio, l’Etna, lo Stromboli (Wikipedia.sk).

Le nazionalità hanno una rappresentanza piuttosto ampia, oltre alla popolazione locale che costituisce quasi il 93% della popolazione. Queste includono rumeni, nordafricani, albanesi, cinesi, ucraini. Le grandi città d’Italia includono Roma (Rome), Milano (Milano), Napoli, Torino, Palermo, Genova (Genoa), Bologna, Firenze, Bari, Catania, Venezia (Venice), Verona, Messina, Padova (Padua) (Wikipedia ENG). Le regioni italiane includono l’Abruzzo, la Basilicata, la Calabria, la Campania, l’Emilia Romagna, il Friuli Venezia Giulia, il Lazio, la Liguria, la Lombardia, le Marche, il Molise, il Piemonte, la Puglia, la Sardegna, la Sicilia, la Toscana, il Trentino – Alto Adige, l’Umbria, la Valle d’Aosta, il Veneto (dovolenkataliansko.sk). Roma è la sede del Papa. Molto nota è la frase: „Tutte le strade portano a Roma“.

Nell’antichità, sul territorio italiano, esistevano città-stato parzialmente fondate sulla colonizzazione greca e sulle città etrusche. Nel VIII secolo si formò Roma, che visse una grande gloria per più di mille anni e scomparve nel 476 (Wikipedia.cz). Nell’antichità (264 – 144 a.C.) durante le guerre puniche i Fenici di Cartagine combatterono contro i Romani. Negli anni 73 – 71 a.C. si verificò la rivolta di Spartaco. Spartaco era un gladiatore (Petra Surmová).

Alcuni dei famosi governanti di Roma includono Augusto, Tiberio, Caligola, Claudio, Nerone, Vespasiano, Tito, Traiano, Adriano, Antonino Pio, Lucio Vero, Marco Aurelio, Commodo, Pertinace, Settimio Severo, Valeriano, Gallieno, Quintillo, Tacito, Floriano, Diocleziano, Flavio Valerio Severo, Licinio, Teodosio, Romolo Augusto (List of Roman emperors). Famosi compositori musicali italiani includono Giacomo Puccini, Claudio Monteverdi, Arcangelo Corelli, Antonio Vivaldi, Gioachino Rossini, Niccolò Paganini, Giuseppe Verdi, Gaetano Donizetti. Artisti famosi includono Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Botticelli, Caravaggio, Tiziano, Raffaello, scrittori come Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, Torquato Tasso, filosofi come Giordano Bruno, Niccolò Machiavelli, registi come Vittorio De Sica, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Sergio Leone, scienziati come Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Enrico Fermi, Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Alessandro Volta, Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Camillo Golgi, Guglielmo Marconi (Wikipedia ENG).

Sono famose in tutto il mondo marche di moda come Gucci, Prada, Versace, Valentino, Armani (worldcat.org), Benetton (Delana Mikolášová), aperitivi come Cinzano, Martini, Campari, formaggi come mozzarella, gorgonzola, parmigiano (Delana Mikolášová), e squadre di calcio come la Juventus di Torino, l’AC Milano, la Lazio di Roma, l’Inter Milano, l’AC Parma, il SSC Napoli.

Niektoré príspevky

Príroda, Biotopy, Fotografie

More

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Ľudia väčšinou more obdivujú. Jeho nesmierna veľkosť, zdanlivá nekonečnosť ponúkajú priestor na rozjímanie a objavovanie. More hrá kľúčovú úlohu nielen v prírodnom ekosystéme, ale aj v kultúre a histórii. More tvorí približne 71 percent povrchu Zeme a obsahuje približne 97 percent na našej planéte. Jeho hĺbka sa pohybuje od pomerne plytkých oblastí kontinentálnych až po hlboké priepasti v oceánoch. Každý meter mora hostí fascinujúci ekosystém plný života, od mikroskopického planktónu po majestátne veľryby.

More je zdrojom inšpirácie, krásy a dôležitých prírodných zdrojov. Jeho úloha v živote ľudstva je nepochybná, a preto je dôležité si uvedomiť jeho hodnotu a pracovať na jeho ochrane. Svet, ktorý nás fascinuje svojou hĺbkou, tajomstvom a krásou, si zaslúži našu lásku a starostlivosť. Tento unikátny ekosystém poskytuje obživu pre mnohé druhy rýb, ktoré sú potravou pre mnohé ďalšie druhy. More zabezpečuje aj množstvo ďalších zdrojov pre ľudí. More má dlhú históriu spojenú s ľudstvom. Výpravy cez more umožnili objavovať nové svety, obchodovať a navzájom sa obohacovať kultúrnymi vplyvmi. Staré civilizácie, ako Feničania či Gréci, využívali more na výmenu tovarov a nápadov. More je často spojené aj s legendami a mýtom, ako je príbeh o Atlantíde alebo morských monštrách. Jeho nekonečná hĺbka a neobjavené oblasti vzbudzujú fantáziu ľudí a slúžia ako základ pre mnohé príbehy a .

Pláže s bielym pieskom, azúrové vody a nekonečné na oceán prilákali milióny ľudí k cestovaniu na pobrežia. Rekreačné aktivity pri mori sú rozmanité, od plávania a potápania po surfovanie a rybolov. Letné dovolenky a návštevy prímorských letovísk sú synonymom oddychu a relaxácie. Súčasný svet však čelí vážnym výzvam spojeným s ochranou a udržateľnosťou morí. Znečisťovanie plastami, nadmerný rýb, klimatické zmeny a strata biodiverzity predstavujú hrozby pre tento vzácny ekosystém. a udržateľný prístup k využívaniu morských zdrojov sú kľúčové pre zachovanie krásy a bohatstva mora pre budúce generácie.

People generally admire the sea. Its immense size and apparent infinity provide a space for contemplation and exploration. The sea plays a crucial role not only in the natural ecosystem but also in culture and history. Covering approximately 71 percent of the Earth’s surface and containing about 97 percent of the planet’s water, the sea’s depth ranges from relatively shallow continental areas to deep oceanic trenches. Every meter of the sea hosts a fascinating ecosystem teeming with life, from microscopic plankton to majestic whales.

The sea is a source of inspiration, beauty, and essential natural resources. Its role in human life is undeniable, emphasizing the importance of recognizing its value and working towards its protection. The world that captivates us with its depth, mystery, and beauty deserves our love and care. This unique ecosystem provides sustenance for numerous fish species, which, in turn, serve as food for many others. The sea also offers a variety of resources for humans.

The sea has a long history intertwined with humanity. Sea voyages enabled the exploration of new worlds, facilitated trade, and enriched cultures with diverse influences. Ancient civilizations, such as the Phoenicians and Greeks, utilized the sea for the exchange of goods and ideas. The sea is often associated with legends and myths, such as the story of Atlantis or sea monsters. Its endless depth and undiscovered areas fuel people’s imagination and serve as the foundation for many stories and artistic works.

Beaches with white sands, azure waters, and endless ocean views have attracted millions of people to travel to coastal areas. Recreational activities by the sea are diverse, ranging from swimming and diving to surfing and fishing. Summer vacations and visits to seaside resorts are synonymous with relaxation and recreation. However, the contemporary world faces serious challenges related to the protection and sustainability of the seas. Pollution with plastics, overfishing, climate change, and the loss of biodiversity pose threats to this precious ecosystem. Protection and a sustainable approach to the use of marine resources are crucial for preserving the beauty and wealth of the sea for future generations.

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