Príroda, Živočíchy, Ryby, Akvaristika, Organizmy, Fotografie

Svedok akvaristickej minulosti Carassius auratus

Hits: 27276

Slovenské synonymum je závojnatka. Druh pochádzajúci z juhovýchodnej Ázie. Existuje množstvo foriem, závojnatých, zlatých, červených, atď. karasov je pomerne divoká záležitosť. Množstvo ikier je veľmi veľké, môže dosahovať aj 5000 kusov. Karasy sa šľachtili už v stredovekej Čine, možno aj v staroveku. Karas je ryba, ktorá je väčšieho vzrastu, závojnatky sú menšie formy, ale i závojnatku môžeme zaradiť medzi veľké . Závojnatky značne bagrujú dno, často vytrhávajú. Preto by som odporúčal chovať ich buď v nádrži bez rastlín, alebo s pevne upevnenými rastlinami o veľké alebo inú dekoráciu. Prípadne by som sa orientoval na skôr na pevnejšie druhy ako napr. Echinodorus, Anubias, Cryptocoryne. Neodporúčam najmä karasy chovať spolu s inými druhmi rýb. Ich látková premena prebiehajúca v tráviacej sústave vôbec nie je dokonalá a tieto vyvrhnuté produkty sú pomerne jedovaté pre iné druhy rýb. To je aj dôvod na to, aby sme počítali na jedného jedinca viac litrov , aby sme zabezpečili dobrú filtráciu . Prešľachtené zlaté karasy – Carassius auratus auratus. Závojnatky – Carassius auratus auratus var. bicaudatus. Existujú formy, ktoré majú teleskopické oči, balónové oči, kedy sú očné viečka akoby nafúknuté do veľkosti hlavy jedinca. Šľachtenie foriem nepozná hádam hranice. Nie som zástancom foriem, ktoré sú na úkor živočícha ako takého. Registrujem tieto formy: tele, kometa, shubunkin, ryukin, červená karkulka, demekin – teleskopka, čótengan – nebohľadka, suihogon – bublinočka, ranchu – levia hlava, oranda, fancy, veiltail, redcap oranda, pearlscale, fantail, celestial, bublina, black moor, calico. čierna teleskopka, balónové oko, bublinočka, nebohľadka, teleskopka.


The Slovak synonym is „zavojnatka“. Species originating from Southeast Asia. There are many forms, veil-tails, goldfish, red ones, etc. Breeding carps is a relatively wild affair. The amount of eggs is very large, reaching up to 5000 pieces. Carps have been bred in medieval China, perhaps even in ancient times. The carp is a larger fish, while the veil-tails are smaller forms, but they can also be classified as large fish. Veil-tails significantly stir up the bottom, often uprooting plants. Therefore, I would recommend keeping them either in a tank without plants or with firmly anchored plants or large rocks as decoration. Alternatively, I would focus more on hardy species such as Echinodorus, Anubias, Cryptocoryne. I do not recommend keeping carps especially with other fish species. Their metabolic process in the digestive system is not perfect, and these excreted products are quite toxic to other fish species. That is also the reason why we should count on one individual per more liters of water to ensure good tank filtration. Bred goldfish – Carassius auratus auratus. Veil-tails – Carassius auratus auratus var. bicaudatus. There are forms that have telescopic eyes, balloon eyes, where the eyelids are inflated to the size of the individual’s head. The breeding of forms knows no limits. I am not a proponent of forms that come at the expense of the animal itself. I register these forms: tele, comet, shubunkin, ryukin, red cap, demekin – telescope, choutengan – bubble-eye, suihogon – bubble-eye, ranchu – lion’s head, oranda, fancy, veiltail, redcap oranda, pearlscale, fantail, celestial, bubble-eye, black moor, calico, black telescope, bubble-eye, telescope.


Das slowakische Synonym ist „Zavojnatka“. Die Art stammt aus Südostasien. Es gibt viele Formen, Schleierschwänze, Goldfische, rote, usw. Die Zucht von Karpfen ist eine relativ wilde Angelegenheit. Die Menge an Eiern ist sehr groß und kann bis zu 5000 Stück betragen. Karpfen wurden im mittelalterlichen China gezüchtet, vielleicht sogar schon in der Antike. Der Karpfen ist ein größerer Fisch, während die Schleierschwänze kleinere Formen sind, aber auch als große Fische eingestuft werden können. Schleierschwänze wirbeln den Boden deutlich auf und reißen oft Pflanzen heraus. Daher würde ich empfehlen, sie entweder in einem Tank ohne Pflanzen oder mit fest verankerten Pflanzen oder großen Steinen als Dekoration zu halten. Alternativ würde ich mich eher auf robuste Arten wie Echinodorus, Anubias, Cryptocoryne konzentrieren. Ich empfehle nicht, Karpfen besonders mit anderen Fischarten zu halten. Ihr Stoffwechselprozess im Verdauungssystem ist nicht perfekt, und diese ausgeschiedenen Produkte sind ziemlich giftig für andere Fischarten. Das ist auch der Grund, warum wir mit einer Person pro mehr Liter Wasser rechnen sollten, um eine gute Tankfiltration zu gewährleisten. Gezüchtete Goldfische – Carassius auratus auratus. Schleierschwänze – Carassius auratus auratus var. bicaudatus. Es gibt Formen, die teleskopische Augen, Ballonaugen haben, bei denen die Augenlider auf die Größe des Kopfes des Individuums aufgeblasen sind. Die Zucht von Formen kennt keine Grenzen. Ich bin kein Befürworter von Formen, die auf Kosten des Tieres selbst gehen. Ich melde diese Formen an: Tele, Komet, Shubunkin, Ryukin, Rote Kappe, Demekin – Teleskop, Choutengan – Bubble-Eye, Suihogon – Bubble-Eye, Ranchu – Löwenkopf, Oranda, Fancy, Veiltail, Redcap Oranda, Perlenmaßstab, Fächerschwanz, Himmlisch, Bubble-Eye, Schwarzer Moor, Calico, Schwarzes Teleskop, Bubble-Eye, Teleskop.


斯洛伐克的同义词是“zavojnatka”。这种鱼源自东南亚。有许多形式,带尾巴的、金鱼、红色的等等。鲤鱼的繁殖是一个相对比较野生的事务。鱼卵的数量非常大,可达5000个。鲤鱼在中国古代已经被繁殖了,甚至可能在古代就已经开始了。鲤鱼是一种较大的鱼,而带尾巴的是较小的形态,但也可以归类为大型鱼类。带尾巴的鱼明显地搅动底部,经常拔起植物。因此,我建议将它们放在没有植物的水箱中,或者用牢固的植物或大石头作为装饰物。或者,我会更多地关注耐寒的品种,比如长得大的、金鱼、红帽金鱼、珍珠鳞、尾巴、天堂鱼、气泡眼、黑色水母、印度鲤等等。这是一个鱼类内的一种相当有挑战性的品种,尤其是在水质较硬的地区。


Príroda, Rastliny, Živočíchy, Ryby, Akvaristika, Organizmy, Fotografie

Chované ryby a vodné rastliny

Hits: 85479

Akvaristike sa aktívnejšie venujem asi od roku 1990. Svoje prvé som mal asi v roku 1982. Choval odvtedy množstvo rýb, od gurám, tetier, mečoviek, gupiek, skalárov, až po , dánia, neónky, závojnatky, všetko možné. Venujem sa aj trošku akvaristickému spoločenskému životu. Svojho času som bol členom klubu.akva.sk. Okrem toho som zvolával stretnutia v Bratislave, na ktorých sa za cca 3 roky prestriedalo viac ako 200 ľudí. Chodím na , akvaristické a chovateľské veľtrhy, poznám množstvo akvaristov, chovateľov. Bol som medzinárodný posudzovateľ Poecilia reticulata v rámci IKGH a posudzovateľ živorodých rýb. Okrem toho publikujem články, svoje, ale aj články a iných autorov.

Druhové bohatstvo chovaných rýb, kreviet, slimákov v súčasnosti a v minulosti – 135 druhov. 


I have been actively engaged in aquariums since around 1990. I had my first fish around 1982. Since then, I have raised a variety of fish, from gouramis, tetras, swordtails, guppies, angelfish, to cichlids, danios, neon tetras, and goldfish, among others. I also participate in the aquarium community. I was a member of the club.akva.sk at one point. Additionally, I organized meetings in , attended by more than 200 people over approximately three years. I attend exhibitions, aquarium, and breeding fairs, and I know many aquarium hobbyists and breeders. I served as an international judge for within IKGH and as a judge for livebearing fish. Besides, I publish articles, both my own and contributions from other authors, along with accompanying photographs.

The species richness of the kept fish, shrimp, and snails currently and in the past – 135 species.


Ich beschäftige mich seit ungefähr 1990 aktiv mit der Aquaristik. Meine ersten Fische hatte ich ungefähr 1982. Seitdem habe ich eine Vielzahl von Fischen gezüchtet, von Guramis, Tetras, Schwertträgern, Guppys, Skalaren bis hin zu Buntbarschen, Danios, Neons, Schleierschwänzen und vielem mehr. Ich widme mich auch ein wenig dem gemeinschaftlichen Leben in der Aquaristik. Ich war zeitweise Mitglied des club.akva.sk. Darüber hinaus habe ich Treffen in Bratislava organisiert, an denen über etwa drei Jahre hinweg mehr als 200 Personen teilgenommen haben. Ich besuche Ausstellungen, Aquaristik- und Züchtermessen und kenne viele Aquarianer und Züchter. Ich war internationaler Richter für Poecilia reticulata im Rahmen der IKGH und Richter für lebendgebärende Fische. Außerdem veröffentliche ich Artikel, sowohl eigene als auch Beiträge von anderen Autoren, zusammen mit begleitenden Fotografien.

Die Artenvielfalt der gehaltenen Fische, Garnelen und Schnecken beträgt derzeit und in der Vergangenheit 135 Arten.


Momentálne X druhov:

  1. Poecilia reticulata
  2. Iodotropheus spreneraer
  3. Cyrtocara moorii

V minulosti (149):

  1. Aequidens pulcher
  2. Amatitlania nigrofasciata
  3. Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus
  4. Ancistrus cf. cirrhosus Albino
  5. Aphyocharax anisitsi
  6. Apistogramma agassizii Fire Red
  7. Apistogramma viejita Red
  8. Astatotilapia latifasciata
  9. Aulonocara baenschi Benga
  10. Aulonocara jacobfreibergi Eureka
  11. Aulonocara maleri
  12. Aulonocara sp. OB
  13. Aulonocara sp. `Fire Fish`
  14. Aulonocara sp. `Red Rubin`
  15. Barbus conchonius
  16. Barbus tetrazona
  17. Barbus titteya
  18. Betta splendens
  19. Boehlkea fredcochui
  20. Boraras brigittae
  21. Boraras maculatus
  22. Boraras urophthalmoides
  23. Callochromis macrops
  24. Carinotetraodon travancoricus
  25. Celestichthys margaritatus
  26. Cichlassoma sajica
  27. Cnesterodon decemmaculatus
  28. Colisa chuna
  29. Colisa labiosa
  30. Colisa lalia
  31. Colisa lalia Blue
  32. Colisa lalia Cobalt
  33. Colisa lalia Red
  34. Copadichromis azuereus
  35. Copadichromis borleyi kadango Red Fin
  36. Copadichromis ivory Undu Reef
  37. Corydoras aeneus
  38. Corydoras elegans
  39. Corydoras habrosus
  40. Corydoras hastatus
  41. Corydoras julli
  42. Corydoras nanus
  43. Corydoras paleatus
  44. Corydoras paleatus Albino
  45. Corydoras panda
  46. Corydoras pygmaeus
  47. Corydoras sp. Black Venezuela
  48. Corydoras sterbai
  49. Ctenochromis horei
  50. Cynotilapia afra
  51. Cyphotilapia gibberosa
  52. Cyprichromis leptosoma Mpulungu
  53. Cyprichromis sp. `leptosoma jumbo` Speckleback Moba
  54. Cyprichromis sp. `leptosoma kitumba` Kitumba
  55. Cyrtocara moorii
  56. Danio frankei
  57. Danio choprae
  58. Dicrossus filamentosus
  59. Enantiopus sp. Kilesa
  60. Girardinus falcatus
  61. Girardinus metallicus
  62. Hemichromis bimaculatus
  63. Hemichromis lifalili
  64. Hemigrammus caudovittatus gold
  65. Hemigrammus rhodostomus
  66. Hemigrammus rodwayi
  67. Hemichromis bimaculatus x lifalili
  68. Heterandria formosa
  69. Hyphessobrycon amandae
  70. Hyphessobrycon bentosi
  71. Hyphessobrycon erythrozonus
  72. Hyphessobrycon flammeus
  73. Hyphessobrycon flammeus diamant
  1. Chalinochromis sp. `Bifrenatus`
  2. Chalinochromis sp. Ndoboi `Red`
  3. Chapalichthys pardalis
  4. Ilyodon whitei
  5. Iodotropheus spriengerae
  6. Iriatherina werneri
  7. Julidochromis marksmithi Kipili
  8. Julidochromis marlieri
  9. Labeotropheus trewavasae Chidunga Rocks `Red Top` 
  10. Labeotropheus trewavasae rosa
  11. Labeotropheus trewawasae Thumbi West Red Top
  12. Labidochromis caeruleus
  13. Labidochromis caeruleus Chadagha
  14. Labidochromis hongi Sweden
  15. Lethrinops albus Kande Kande Island
  16. Lethrinops sp. `Red Carp` Itungi
  17. Lethrinops sp. `Mhasi` Itungi
  18. Limia melanogaster
  19. Limia tridens
  20. Macropodus opercularis
  21. Maylandia estherae Marmalade Cat
  22. Maylandia estherae O morph
  23. Maylandia lombardoi
  24. Melanochromis auratus
  25. Melanochromis auratus Albino
  26. Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos
  27. Melanochromis johannii
  28. Moenkhausia columbiana
  29. Micropoecilia bifurca
  30. Nematobrycon palmeri
  31. Nannacara anomala Electric Blue
  32. Nannostomus beckfordi
  33. Nannostomus marginatus
  34. Neolamprologus brichardi
  35. Neolamprologus buescheri
  36. Neolamprologus leleupi
  37. Nimbochromis venustus
  38. Nothobranchius kilomberoensis
  39. Ophtalmotilapia boopd Nkondwe Island
  40. Oryzias woworae
  41. Otocinclus affinis
  42. Paracheirodon axelrodi
  43. Paracheirodon innesi
  44. Paracheirodon simulans
  45. Pelvicachromis taeniatus „Lobe“
  46. Phallichthys quadripunctatus
  47. Poecilia reticulata wild form
  48. Poecilia wingei
  49. Poecilia wingei „Black Silverado“
  50. Poecilia sphenops
  51. Poecilia sphenops Gold molly
  52. Pristella maxillaris
  53. Pseudotropheus crabro
  54. Pseudotropheus demasoni
  55. Pseudotropheus elongatus mpanga
  56. Pseudotropheus saulosi coral
  57. Pseudotropheus socolofi
  58. Pseudotropheus socolofi albin
  59. Pseudotropheus williamsi
  60. Pseudotropheus zebra red blue
  61. Puntius conchonius
  62. Rasbora borapetensis
  63. Rasbora heteromorpha
  64. Steatocranus casuarius
  65. Tanichthys albonubes
  66. Tanichthys albonubes long fin
  67. Tanichthys micagemmae
  68. Trichogaster leeri
  69. Trichogaster trichopterus
  70. Trichogaster trichopterus sumatranus
  71. Tropheus duboisi
  72. Xiphophorus helleri
  73. Xiphophorus maculatus
  74. Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl
  75. Xiphophorus variatus
  76. Xiphophorus signum
  1.  

Bezstavovce (10): 

  1. Caridina japonica
  2. Faunus ater
  3. Marisa cornuarietis
  4. Melanoides tuberculata
  5. Neocaridina heteropoda
  6. Neritina parallela
  7. Neritina turrita
  8. Neritina zebra
  9. Pomacea bridgesi
  10. Tylomelania sp. Orange

Vodné (177)

  1. Alternanthera bettzickiana aurea
  2. Alternanthera bettzickiana red
  3. Alternanthera colorata thin
  4. Alternanthera liliacina
  5. Alternanthera reineckii
  6. Alternanthera reineckii „Bronzed“
  7. Alternanthera reineckii „Rosanervig“
  8. Alternanthera reineckii `Pink Roseafolia`
  9. Alternanthera reineckii `Purple`
  10. Alternanthera rubra
  11. Alternanthera splendens
  12. Ammania gracilis
  13. Ammania senegalensis
  14. Ammania sp. Bonsai
  15. Anubias angustifolia
  16. Anubias barteri
  17. Anubias barteri „Coffeifolia“
  18. Anubias barteri var. glabra
  19. Anubias congensis
  20. Anubias gigantea
  21. Anubias hastifolia
  22. Anubias heterophylla
  23. Anubias lanceolata
  24. Aponogeton boivinianus
  25. Aponogeton gottlebei
  26. Aponogeton henkelianus
  27. Aponogeton madagascarensis
  28. Aponogeton ulvaceus
  29. Aponogeton undulatus
  30. Aponogeton longiplumosus
  31. Bacopa amplexicaulis
  32. Bacopa caroliniana
  33. Blyxa japonica
  34. Bolbitis heudelotii
  35. Bucephalandra sp. achilles
  36. Bucephalandra sp. brownie blue
  37. Bucephalandra sp. centipede
  38. Bucephalandra sp. godzilla
  39. Bucephalandra sp. lamandau green
  40. Bucephalandra sp. red biblis
  41. Bucephalandra sp. sanggau mini
  42. Bucephalandra sp. turquoise
  43. Cabomba aquatica
  44. Cabomba caroliniana
  45. Cabomba piauhyensis
  46. Ceratophyllum demersum
  47. Ceratopteris thalictroides
  48. Cladophora aegagropila
  49. Crassula helmsii
  50. Crinum calamistratum
  51. Crinum natans
  52. Cryptocoryne affinis
  53. Cryptocoryne aponogetifolia
  54. Cryptocoryne beckettii
  55. Cryptocoryne eva
  56. Cryptocoryne hudoroi
  57. Cryptocoryne parva
  58. Cryptocoryne petchii
  59. Cryptocoryne pontederiifolia
  60. Cryptocoryne spiralis
  61. Cryptocoryne tropica
  62. Cryptocoryne walkeri
  63. Cryptocoryne wendtii „Green“
  64. Cryptocoryne wendtii „Rubra“
  65. Cryptocoryne wendtii „Tropica“
  66. Didiplis diandra
  67. Egeria densa
  68. Echinodorus „Beauty Red“
  69. Echinodorus „Harbich rot“
  70. Echinodorus „Indian Red“
  71. Echinodorus „Krapčatnyj“
  72. Echinodorus „Mercedes“
  73. Echinodorus „Red Flame“
  74. Echinodorus „Rubin narrow leaf“
  75. Echinodorus `Kleiner Bär`
  76. Echinodorus `Ozelot Green`
  77. Echinodorus `Ozelot`
  78. Echinodorus `Red Diamond`
  79. Echinodorus `Rose`
  80. Echinodorus `Rubin`
  81. Echinodorus ×barthii
  82. Echinodorus argentinensis
  83. Echinodorus cordifolius
  84. Echinodorus grisebachii (bleherae)
  85. Echinodorus grisebachii `Tropica`
  86. Echinodorus horizontalis
  87. Echinodorus hybr.
  88. Echinodorus latifolius
  89. Echinodorus maculatus
  1. Echinodorus quadricostatus
  2. Echinodorus uruguayensis
  3. Eleocharis acicularis
  4. Eleocharis parvulus
  5. Eleocharis viviparus
  6. Eusteralis stellata
  7. Fissidens fontanus
  8. Glossostigma elatinoides
  9. Helanthium tenellum
  10. Hemianthus callitrichoides
  11. Hemianthus callitrichoides sp.“Cuba“
  12. Hemianthus micranthemoides
  13. Heteranthera zosterifolia
  14. Hottonia inflata
  15. Hottonia palustris
  16. Hydrocotyle sp. Japan
  17. Hydrocotyle sp. Thailand
  18. Hydrocotyle verticillata
  19. Hydrotriche hottoniflora
  20. Hygrophila angustifolia
  21. Hygrophila corymbosa minima
  22. Hygrophila difformis
  23. Hygrophila guyanensis
  24. Hygrophila pinnatifida
  25. Hygrophila polysperma
  26. Hygrophila polysperma „Rosanervig“
  27. Hygrophila polysperma „Sunset“
  28. Hygrophila rubella
  29. Hygrophila sp. Araguaia
  30. Lemna minor
  31. Lilaeopsis brasiliensis
  32. Lilaeopsis carolinensis
  33. Lilaeopsis novae-zelandiae
  34. Limnophila aquatica
  35. Limnophila aromatica
  36. Limnophila hippuroides Red
  37. Limnophila sessiliflora
  38. Lindernia rotundifolia
  39. Litorella uniflora
  40. Lobelia cardinalis
  41. Lobelia cardinalis nana
  42. Ludwigia arcuata × repens
  43. Ludwigia glandulosa
  44. Ludwigia inclinata `Crystal
  45. Ludwigia inclinata `Curly
  46. Ludwigia inclinata sp. Cuba
  47. Ludwigia perennis 
  48. Ludwigia quadricostata
  49. Ludwigia repens
  50. Lysimachia nummularia
  51. Marsilea crenata
  52. Marsilea quadrifolia
  53. Mayaca fluviatilis
  54. Micranthemum umbrosum `Monte Carlo`
  55. Microsorium pteropus
  56. Microsorium pteropus `Windelov`
  57. Monoselenium tenerum
  58. Myriophyllum aquaticum
  59. Myriophyllum tuberculatum `Red`
  60. Myriophyllum ussuriense
  61. Nesaea crassicaulis
  62. Nesaea pedicellata
  63. Nymphaea lotus „Green“
  64. Nymphaea lotus „Red“
  65. Nymphaea lotus „Rosa“
  66. Nymphoides sp. Taiwan
  67. Pistia stratioides
  68. Plagiomnium affine
  69. Pogostemom erectus
  70. Pogostemom helferi
  71. Pogostemom stellata
  72. Proserpinaca palustris „Cuba“
  73. Ranunculus papulentus
  74. Riccia fluitans
  75. Rotala macrandra
  76. Rotala najean
  77. Rotala rotundifolia
  78. Rotala russila
  79. Rotala wallichii
  80. Sagittaria subulata
  81. Salvinia auriculata
  82. Shinnersia rivularis
  83. Staurogyne repens
  84. Utricularia graminifolia
  85. Vallisneria americana
  86. Vallisneria nana
  87. Vallisneria tortissima
  88. Vesicularia dubayana
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Akvaristika, Veda, Literatúra

Akvaristická literatúra

Hits: 12126

Slovenská

  • Černý J., Topercer E., 1991: Chováme , , 3. vyd., 170 pp.
  • Dokoupil Norbert, 1999: Moderné mečúne, SAP, ISBN 80-88908-25-6, 67 pp.
  • Dokoupil Norbert, 1980: Prvé akvárium, 53 pp.
  • James Barry, 2003: Akváriové , 120 pp.
  • Paysan Klaus, 1995: Akvarijní , Granit
  • Vanko Kamil, 1998: Chováme závojnatky, Kontak Plus, ISBN 80-88855-22-5, 55 pp.
  • Mayland Henry J., 1999: Sladkovodné akvárium, Art Area, 145 pp.

Česká literatúra

  • Čítek J., Svobodová Z., Tesařík J., 1998: Nemoci sladkovodních a akvarijních ryb, Střední rybářská škola Vodňany,
  • Dařbuján Hynek, 1998: Morská , Studio Press, s.r.o., Čáslav, 122 pp.
  • Dokoupil Norbert, 1981: Živorodky. chovu, biologie druhů, standardy, SZN, Praha.
  • Drahotušský Zdeněk, Novák Jindřich, 2000, Jota, s.r.o., , ISBN 80-7217-124-0, 304 pp.
  • Frank Stanislav, Rataj Karel, Zukal Rudolf, 1982: 333 x jak a proč, Svépomoc, Praha.
  • Frank Stanislav, 1984: Akvaristika, Práce, Edícia Delfín, Praha, 364 pp.
  • Frank Stanislav, 1977: Jak žijí ryby, Artia, Praha.
  • Frank Stanislav, 2000: Sladkovodná akvaristika, , Praha, ISBN 8071812188, 247 pp.
  • Frank Stanislav, 1989: Veľký obazový atlas rýb, Mladé letá, , 2. vyd..
  • Hejný Slavomil a kol., 2000: Rostliny vod a pobřeží, East West Publishing Company & East West Publishing, Praha, ISBN 80-7219-000-8, 118 pp.
  • Hieronimus Harro, 1999: Živorodky, Praha, Vašut, ISBN 80-7236-089-2, 72 pp.
  • Hofmann Jaroslav, Novák Jindřich, 1996: Akvaristika. Jak chovat tropické ryby jinak a lépe, X-Egem, Praha
  • Hofmann Jaroslav, Novák Jindřich, 2000: , Vašut, 64 pp.
  • Kahl Wally, Kahl Burkard, Vogt Dieter, 1999: Akvarijní ryby, Svojtka & Co., ISBN 8072370987, 288 pp.
  • Krček Karel, 1984: Akvaristická elektrotechnika, Polytechnická knižnice, 297 pp.
  • Krček Karel, 1986: Akvaristický technika, Polytechnická knižnice, 295 pp.
  • Krček Karel, 1995: 333 zajímavostí pro akvaristy, VIK Vimperk.
  • Lucký Zdeněk, Zedka Vilém, 1964: Akvaristika v koutku živé přírody, SPN, Praha
  • Rataj Karel, 1980: Akvaristika začína u rostlin, Svépomoc.
  • Rataj Karel, otec & syn, 1998: Akvárium a rostliny, 150 pp.
  • Scheurmannová Ines, 1999: Akvarijní rostliny, Vašut, ISBN 807236085X, 96 pp.
  • Schmidt Jürgen, 2002: BeDe Atlas. Sladkovodní akvarijní ryby, BeDe Verlag GmbH, Ruhmannsfelden.
  • Vítek Jiří, Kadlec Jaroslav, 1988: Halančíci. Biologie, , přehled druhů, KCCH, Praha.
  • Zukal Rudolf, 1984: Akvarijní ryby, Svépomoc, 2. vyd., 229 pp.
  • Zukal Rudolf, Frank Stanslav, 1982: Jak se stát akvaristou, Svépomoc, Praha.
  • Zukal Rudolf, 1975: Zakládaní a údržba , Svépomoc, 87 pp.

Cudzojazyčná literatúra

  • Krause Hanns-J., Handbuch Aquarienwasser, BeDe Verlag, 3-927 997-00-5, 128 pp.

Technika

  • Sander , Aquarientechnik im Süßund Seewasser, Ulmer, 3-800173-41-7, 256 pp.

Prírodné akvária

  • Fohrman Kjel, 2001: Back to Nature Aquarium guide. Back to Nature. 196 pp.

Ryby

  • Eschmeyer W.N., 1990: Catalog of the genera of Recent fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, vi + 697 pp.

Rastliny

  • Cook C.D.K., 1990: Aquatic Plant Book. SPB Academic Publishing. The Haguem 228 pp.
  • James Barry, 2003: Akváriové rastliny, 120 pp.
  • Kasselmann Christel, 1999: Aquarien pflanzen, Eugen Ulmer, 504 pp.
  • Kasselmann Christel, 2001: Echinodorus, Dähne Verlag.
  • Rataj Karel, 1980: Akvaristika začína u rostlin, Svépomoc.
  • Rataj Karel, otec & syn, 1998: Akvárium a rostliny, 150 pp.
  • Scheurmannová Ines, 1999: Akvarijní rostliny, Vašut, ISBN 807236085X, 96 pp.

  • Fryer G., 1996: Endemism, speciation and adaptive radiation in great lakes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 45: 109-131.

Živorodky

  • Dokoupil Norbert, 1999: Moderné mečúne, SAP, ISBN 80-88908-25-6, 67 pp.
  • Dokoupil Norbert, 1981: Živorodky. Technika chovu, biologie druhů, standardy, SZN, Praha.
  • Endler J.A., Houde A.E., 1995: Geographical variation in female preferences for male traits in . Evolution 49: 456-468
  • Hieronimus Harro, 1999: Živorodky, Praha, Vašut, ISBN 80-7236-089-2, 72 pp.

Závojnatky

  • Vanko Kamil, 1998: Chováme závojnatky, Kontak Plus, ISBN 80-88855-22-5, 55 pp.

Kaprozúbky

  • Vítek Jiří, Kadlec Jaroslav, 1988: Halančíci. Biologie, chov, přehled druhů, KCCH, Praha.

  • Barlow George W., 2002: The Cichlid Fishes: Nature’s Grand Experiment in Evolution, Perseus Publishing, ISBN 0738205281.
  • Erlandsson A., Ribbink A.J., 1997: Patterns of sexual size dimorphism in African cichlid fishes. South African Journal of Science 93: 498-508.
  • Farias I. P., Ortí G., Sampaio I., Schneider H., Meyer A., 1999: Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the family Cichlidae: Monophyly and fast molecular evolution of the Neotropical assemblage. Journal of Molecular Evolution 48: 703-711. Link
  • Farias I.P., Ortí G., Meyer A, 2000: Total evidence: Molecules, morphology, and the phylogenetics of cichlid fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology 288 (1): 76-92. Link
  • Fryer G. 1977: Evolution of species flocks of cichlid fishes in African lakes. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 15: 141-165.
  • Keenleyside M.H.A. (ed.), 1991: Cichlid fishes. Behaviour, ecology and evolution. (Fish & Fisheries Series Volume 2.) Chapman & Hall, London; xxii + 378 pages. ISBN 0-412-32200-5.
  • Kocher T.D., Conroy J.A., McKaye K.R., Stauffer J.R., 1993. Similar morphologies of cichlid fishes in Lakes Tanganyika and are due to convergence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2 (2): 158-165. Link
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1991: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 1., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1992: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 2., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1993: Enjoying Cichlids. Cichlid Press. 240 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1993: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 3., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1994: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 4., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1995: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 5., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad ed., contr., 1996: The Cichlids Yearbook, Vol. 6., Cichlid Press. 96 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 2002: Enjoying Cichlids. Second edition.
  • Liem K.F., 1973: Evolutionary strategies and morphological innovations: Cichlid pharyngeal jaws. Syst. Zool. 22: 425-441
  • Loiselle Paul, 1994: :The Cichlid Aquarium, Tetra Press, ISBN 1564651460, 447 pp
  • Loiselle Paul, 1993: Fishkeepers Guide to African Cichlid, Tetra, ISBN 1564651444
  • Meyer A., 1993: Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary processes in East African cichlid fishes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8: 279–284.
  • Ribbink A.J., 1991: Distribution and ecology of the cichlids of the African Great Lakes. Pp. 36-59 in Keenleyside, M.H.A. (ed.), Cichlid fishes. Behaviour, ecology and evolution. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Seehausen O., Mayhew P.J., van Alphen J.J.M., 1999: Evolution of colour patterns in East African cichlid fish. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12 (3): 514-534.
  • Stiassny M.L.J., 1981: The phyletic status of the family Cichlidae (Pisces, Perciformes): A comparative anatomical investigation. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 31 (2): 275-314.
  • Stiassny M.L.J., 1991: Phylogenetic intrarelationships of the family Cichlidae: An overview. Pp. 1-35 in Keenleyside, M.H.A. (ed.), Cichlid fishes. Behaviour, ecology and evolution. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • Sturmbauer C., Meyer A., 1992: Genetic divergence, speciation and morphological stasis in a lineage of African cichlid fishes. Nature 358 (6387): 578-581.
  • Sültmann H., Mayer W.E., 1997: Reconstruction of cichlid phylogeny using nuclear DNA markers. Pp. 39-51 in: Molecular Systematics of Fishes. T. Kocher and C. Stepien (ed.). Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Trewavas E. 1949: The origin and evolution of the cichlid fisches of the Great African lakes, with special reference to Lake Nyasa. Comptes Rendus 13th Congrès International de Zoologie 1948: 365-368.

Diskusy

  • Au Dick, 1998: Back to Nature guide Discus. Back to Nature. 128 pp.

  • Boruchovitz David, 2000: African Cichlids of Lake Tanganyika, TFH Publications, ISBN 0793830265.
  • Konings Ad, 1988: Tanganyika Cichlids, Verduijn Cichlids. 272 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1992: Tanganyika Secrets, Cichlid Press. 208 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1996: Back to Nature guide Tanganyika Cichlids. Back to Nature. 128 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1998: Tanganyika Cichlids in their natural habitat. Cichlid Press, 272 pp.
  • Regan, C.T., 1920: The classification of the fishes of the family Cichlidae. The Tanganyika genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9) 5: 33-53.
  • Smith Mark, 1998: Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids: Everything About Purchasing, Care, Nutrition, Behaviour, & Aquarium Maintenance, Barrons Educational Series, ISBN 0764106155
  • Sturmbauer C., Verheyen E., Ruber L., Meyer A., 1997. Phylogenetic patterns in populations of cichlid fishes from rocky habitats in Lake Tanganyika. Pp. 97-111 in: Molecular Systematics of Fishes. T. Kocher and C. Stepien (ed.). Academic Press, San Diego.
  • Zurlo Georg, Brandstetter, 2000: The Tanganyika Cichlid Aquarium, Barrons Educational Series, ISBN 0764116436

Malawi

  • Bornemann Rainer, Hämel Wolfgang, Ahrens Renate E., Reise Know How: Simbabwe, Botswana, Malawi, Mosambik & Sambia, Reise Know How Verlag, ISBN 3896620266, 531 pp.
  • Boruchowitz David E., 1997: The guide to ownong malawi cichlids, TFH Publications, ISBN 0793803594.
  • Boruchowitz David E., 2003: Malawi Cichlids Keeping & Breeding Them in Captivity, TFH Publications, ISBN 0-7938-0359-4
  • Deutsch J. C., 1997: Colour diversification in Malawi cichlids: evidence for adaptation, reinforcement, or sexual selection? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 62: 1-14.
  • Eccles D.H., Trewavas E., 1989: Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera. Lake Fish Movies, Herten, Germany, 335 pp.
  • Fryer G., 1959: Some aspects of evolution in Lake Nyasa. Evolution 13 (4): 440-451.
  • Fryer G., 1959: The trophic interrelationships and ecology of some littoral communities of Lake Nyasa with especial reference to the fishes, and a discussion of the evolution of a group of rock-frequenting Cichlidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 132: 153-281.
  • Hupe Ilona, Reisen in Sambia und Malawi, Ilona Hupe Verlag, ISBN 3932084217, 368 pp.
  • Iles T.D., 1960: A group of zooplankton feeders of the genus Haplochromis (Cichlidae) in Lake Nyasa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13) 2, 1959: 257-280. [This paper was published in the May 1959 issue, but separates of it include the printed notation „Published 15/3/1960.“]
  • Jubb R.A, 1967: Freshwater fishes of southern Africa. A.A. Balkema, Cape Town; viii + 248 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1989: Malawi Cichlids in their natural habitat. Verduijn Cichlids. ISBN 3-928457-29-2, 304 pp. Link
  • Konings Ad, 1990: Ad Konings‘ book of Cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Malawi. Tropical Fish Hobbyist. 496 pp. 0-86622-527-7.
  • Konings Ad, 1990: Description of six new Malawi cichlids. TFH magazine, vol. 38 (11), pp 110-129. (Copadichromis azureus, C. mbenjii, C. verduijni, Otopharynx walteri, Iodotropheus stuartgranti, and Pseudotropheus saulosi).
  • Konings Ad, 1993: A revision of the genus Sciaenochromis Eccles & Trewavas, 1989 (Pisces, Cichlidae). The Cichlids Yearbook, vol. 3, pp 28-36. (Sciaenochromis fryeri, S. psammophilus, S. benthicola).
  • Konings Ad, 1994: Pseudotropheus demasoni sp. nov.: a sexually monomorphic cichlid from the Tanzanian coast of Lake Malawi. The Cichlids Yearbook, vol. 4, pp 24-27. (Pseudotropheus demasoni).
  • Konings Ad, 1995. A review of the sand-dwelling species of the genus Aulonocara, with the description of three new species.  The Cichlids Yearbook, vol. 5, pp 26-36. (Aulonocara gertrudae, A. brevinidus, and A. aquilonium).
  • Konings Ad, 1995: Malawi Cichlids in their natural habitat, 2nd Edition. Cichlid Press. 352 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1996: Atlas der Malawisee-Cichliden. Vol. 1 and Vol 2., BeDe Verlag. 304 and 288 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 1997: Back to Nature guide Malawi Cichlids. Back to Nature. 128 pp.
  • Konings Ad, 2000. Description of Three New Copadichromis Species (Labroidei; Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa. TFH magazine, vol. 47 (9) May: pp 62-85 (Copadichromis ilesi, C. geertsi, and C. trewavasae).
  • Konings Ad, 2001: Malawi Cichlid in their natural habitat. 3rd Edition. 352 pp. Cichlid Press
  • Konings Ad, 2002: The Cichlids of Lake Malawi. Program for searching fish names and locality names; >5000 photos.
  • Konings Ad, ed. 1989: Malawian Cichlid Fishes. The classification of some haplochromine genera by David H. Eccles and Ethelwynn Trewavas. Lake Fish Movies.
  • Kornfield I., Smith P.F., 2000: African cichlid fishes: Model systems for evolutionary biology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31: 163-196.
  • Kornfield I.L., 1974: Evolutionary genetics of endemic cichlid fishes (Pisces: Cichlidae) in Lake Malawi, Africa. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York, Stony Brook, xv+139 pp.
  • McElroy D.M., Kornfield I., 1990: Sexual selection, reproductive behavior, and speciation in the mbuna species flock of Lake Malawi (Pisces: Cichlidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 28: 273-284.
  • McElroy D.M., Kornfield I., Everett J., 1991: Coloration in African cichlids: Diversity and constraints in Lake Malawi endemics. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 41 (4): 250-268.
  • McKaye K.R., 1991: Sexual selection and the evolution of the cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi, Africa. Pp. 241-257 in Keenleyside, M.H.A. (ed.), Cichlid fishes. Behaviour, ecology and evolution. Chapman & Hall, London.
  • McKaye K.R., Kocher T., Reinthal P., Harrison R., Kornfield I., 1984: Genetic evidence for allopatric and sympatric differentiation among morphs of a Lake Malawi cichlid fish. Evolution 38: 215-219.
  • Oliver M.K., McKaye K.R., 1982: Floating islands: A means of fish dispersal in Lake Malawi, Africa. Copeia 1982 (4): 748-754.
  • Owen R.B., Crossley R., Johnson T.C., Tweddle D., Kornfield I. et al., 1990: Major low lake levels of Lake Malawi and their implications for speciation rates in cichlid fishes. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London 240: 519-553.
  • Ransford O., 1966: Livingstone’s lake. The drama of Nyasa. John Murray, London, x + 313 pp.
  • Regan C.T., 1922: The cichlid fishes of Lake Nyassa. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921: 675-727 & Plates I-VI.
  • Reinthal P.N., 1987: Morphology, ecology, and behavior of a group of the rock-dwelling cichlid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) from Lake Malawi, Africa. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
  • Ribbink A.J., Marsh A.C., Marsh B., Sharp B.J., 1980: Parental behaviour and mixed broods among cichlid fish of Lake Malawi. South African Journal of Zoology 15: 1-6.
  • Schraml Erwin, 1998: Aqualog Special. Korallenfische des Süßwassers Malawi, Aqualog, ISBN 3-931-702-48-0, 48 pp.
  • Schraml Erwin, 1998: Aqualog. African Cichlids I. Malawi. Mbuna. Verlag A.C.S. GmbH. ISBN 3-931-702-79-0
  • Smith Mark Phillip, 2000: Lake Malawi cichlids. Everything About History, Setting Up an Aquarium, Health Concerns, Spawning, Barrons Educational Series, ISBN 0764115251
  • Snoeks Jos ed. in press: The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa:
    identification, distribution and taxonomy. Cichlid Press
  • Stiassny M.L.J., 1981. Phylogenetic versus convergent relationship between piscivorous cichlid fishes from Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology 40 (3): 67-101.
  • Sweeney Mary E., 1997: Malawi cichlids: Mbuna, T.F.H. Publications, ISBN 079380115X, 64 pp-
  • Tepoot Pabol. Tepoot Ian, 1995: The pictorial guide, New Life Publications, ISBN 0964505800.
  • Thompson A.B., Allison E.H., Ngatunga B.P., 1996: Distribution and breeding biology of offshore cichlids in Lake Malawi/Niassa. Environmental Biology of Fishes 47 (3): 235-?.
  • Turner G., 1996: Offshore cichlids of Lake Malawi. Cichlid Press, Lauenau, Germany; 240 pp. ISBN 3-928457-33-0.
  • Turner G.F. 1994. Speciation mechanisms in Lake Malawi cichlids. A critical review. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie 44: 139-160.

Victoria

  • Kaufman L.S., Chapman L.J., Chapman, C.A., 1997: Evolution in fast forward: haplochromine fishes of the Lake Victoria region. Endeavour 21: 23-30
  • Greenwood P.H., 1974: The cichlid fishes of Lake Victoria, east Africa: The biology and evolution of a species flock. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, Supplement 6, 134 pp.
  • Seehausen Ole, 1996: Lake Victoria Rock Cichlids by Ole Seehausen. Verduijn Cichlids, Zevenhuizen, 304 pp.
  • Tijs Goldschmidt, 1998: Darwin’s Dreampond: Drama on Lake Victoria, MIT Press, ISBN 0262571218

Afrika

  • Boulenger G.A., 1911: Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa in the British Museum (Natural History). London. Volume 2: xii + 529 pp.
  • Fryer G., Iles T. D., 1972: The cichlid fishes of the Great Lakes of Africa. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh; TFH Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey; 641 pp.
  • Greenwood P.H., 1966: The Fishes of Uganda. 2nd edition. The Uganda Society, Kampala; [viii] + 131 pages.
  • Skelton P.H., 1993: A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, South Africa.
  • Staeck Wolfgang, Linke Horst, 1994: African Cichlids II: Cichlids from Eastern Africa : A Handbook for Their Identification, Care and Breeding, Tetra Press, ISBN 1-56465-167-3
  • Sturmbauer C., Baric S., Salzburger W., Ruber L., Verheyen E.. 2001: Lake level fluctuations synchronize genetic divergences of cichlid fishes in African lakes. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18 (2): 144-154 Link
  • Talling J.F., Talling I.B., 1965: The chemical composition of African lake waters. Internationale Revue ges. Hydrobiologie 50 (3): 421-463.

Južná Amerika

  • Sands David, 1997: Back to Nature guide Catfishes, Back to Nature. 128 pp.
  • Stauffer Jay, McKaye Ken at all, 2002: Cuadernos de investigacion de la UCA: The midas cichlid species complex in two Nicaraguan lakes. Description of three new species by and others. Cichlid Press. 47pp.
  • Weidner Thomas contr., Konings Ad ed., 2000: South American Eartheaters, Cichlid Press. 336 pp.

Stredná Amerika

  • Konings Ad, 1989: Cichlids from Central America. Tropical Fish Hobbyist. 224 pp.

Akvaristika

História akvaristiky

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Je otázne kedy možno datovať vznik akvaristiky. Každopádne dejiny hovoria o chovaní malých pekných rýb už zo starovekého Egypta. Minimálne tisícročnú minulosť má na ázijskom kontinente v Číne, kde chov karasov má veľmi bohatú tradíciu. Predmety, v ktorých sa chovali a pestovali boli úplne iné ako ich poznáme dnes. Aj u nás si niektorí pamätajú gupky v päť litrových fľašiach od uhoriek. V 19. storočí akvárium bolo vlastne atrakciou, zariadili si ich biológovia, lekári, vzdelaní na univerzitách, vo verejných záhradách. Medzi jedny z najstarších klubov tu v našom regióne napr. Cyperus, 1899. U nás je najstarší pravdepodobne klub v Banskej Bystrici. Dá sa povedať, že Európa sa stala kolískou akvaristiky a trúfam si povedať, že je ňou dodnes. Už od spomínaného 19. storočia sa v nej začala vzmáhať. Je zaujímavé, že aj naša patrí medzi vyspelé štáty, ktoré poskytujú akvaristov, ktorí patria medzi špičku. , Poľsko, Česko a Slovensko sú aj historicky aj v súčasnosti špičkou na poli chovu rýb a pestovanie rastlín.


The origin of aquarium keeping is a question open to debate. Nevertheless, history tells us about the keeping of small, beautiful fish dating back to ancient Egypt. The practice has at least a millennium-old history on the Asian continent in China, where the cultivation of carp has a rich tradition. The containers used for keeping fish and cultivating plants were completely different from what we know today. Some people may recall guppies kept in five-liter bottles from pickles here. In the 19th century, aquariums were essentially attractions, set up by biologists, doctors, and educated individuals at universities and public gardens. Among the oldest clubs in our region is, for example, Cyperus, established in 1899. The oldest club in Slovakia is probably in . It can be said that Europe became the cradle of aquarium keeping and, I dare say, still holds that position today. Since the mentioned 19th century, aquarium keeping began to flourish in Europe. It is interesting to note that our country is among the developed states that provide aquarium enthusiasts who are at the forefront. Germany, Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia have historically and continue to be at the forefront in the field of fish keeping and plant cultivation.


Es ist fraglich, wann der Ursprung der Aquaristik datiert werden kann. Dennoch berichten die Geschichtsbücher von der Haltung kleiner, schöner Fische bereits im alten Ägypten. Die Praxis hat auf dem asiatischen Kontinent in China, wo die Zucht von Karpfen eine lange Tradition hat, mindestens ein Jahrtausend alte Wurzeln. Die Behältnisse, in denen Fische gehalten und Pflanzen gezüchtet wurden, waren völlig anders als das, was wir heute kennen. Hierzulande erinnern sich einige vielleicht an Guppys, die in Fünf-Liter-Flaschen von eingelegten Gurken gehalten wurden. Im 19. Jahrhundert waren Aquarien im Grunde genommen Attraktionen, die von Biologen, Ärzten und gebildeten Personen an Universitäten und in öffentlichen Gärten eingerichtet wurden. Zu den ältesten Vereinen in unserer Region gehört zum Beispiel Cyperus, gegründet 1899. Der älteste Verein in der Slowakei befindet sich wahrscheinlich in Banská Bystrica. Man kann sagen, dass Europa zur Wiege der Aquaristik wurde und ich traue mich zu sagen, dass es dies bis heute ist. Seit dem genannten 19. Jahrhundert begann die Aquaristik in Europa aufzublühen. Interessant ist, dass unser Land zu den entwickelten Staaten gehört, die Aquarianer an der Spitze haben. Deutschland, Polen, Tschechien und die Slowakei sind historisch und gegenwärtig führend auf dem Gebiet der Fischhaltung und Pflanzenzucht.