2006, 2006-2010, 2009, Časová línia, Grécko, Krajina, Zahraničie

Grécko – staroveká krajina

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Gréc­ko leží na juhu Euró­py. Je to kra­ji­na z boha­tou his­tó­ri­ou. Rozp­res­tie­ra sa na roz­lo­he 131 957 km2, žije tu tak­mer 11 mili­ó­nov oby­va­te­ľov. Roč­ne Gréc­ko nav­ští­vi viac ako 11 mili­ó­nov turis­tov (wal​kers​.sk). Hlav­ným mes­tom sú Até­ny. 

Ku Gréc­ku pat­rí asi 2000 ostro­vov, pre­važ­ne v Egej­skom mori. Medzi zná­me a veľ­ké pat­rí Kré­ta a Rho­dos. Už od sta­ro­ve­ku sa Gréc­ko roz­de­ľu­je na Make­do­niu na seve­re, Trá­kiu na seve­ro­vý­cho­de, Epi­rus na stre­do­zá­pa­de, Tesá­liu na stre­do­vý­cho­de, Rumé­liu ja juhu, Pelo­po­né­zu, Kré­tu, Egej­ské a Ión­ske ostro­vy. Medzi veľ­ké mes­tá pat­rí napr. Solún, Pire­us, Lari­sa, Xant­hi, Argos, Irak­lio, Korint. Gréc­ke deji­ny sú veľ­mi boha­té, jed­ny z naj­dl­h­ších a naj­výz­nam­nej­ších. Pred prí­cho­dom Gré­kov žili na úze­mí Gréc­ka Pelas­go­via a Minoj­ci. V 4 – 3 tisíc­ro­čí pred n.l do Gréc­ka pre­nik­li prvé gréc­ke kme­ne – Acháj­ci, kto­rí vytvo­ri­li prvú – Mykén­sku kul­tú­ru. Neskôr ich nasle­do­va­li ďal­šie kme­ne – Dóri, Ióni, Aiolo­via, Epi­ró­ti, Mace­dón­ci. Gréc­ka kul­tú­ra polo­ži­la zákla­dy európ­skej kul­tú­ry. Do 17. sto­ro­čia pat­ri­la medzi naj­kul­túr­nej­šie európ­ske cen­trá aj Kré­ta, kde vlád­li Benát­ča­nia (wiki​pe​dia​.sk). 

Kul­tú­ra súčas­né­ho Gréc­ka vychá­dza pre­dov­šet­kým z byzant­ských a zo sta­ro­ve­kých tra­dí­cií. Gréc­ka kul­tú­ra ako celok má bliž­šie k orien­tál­nym kra­ji­nám, ako k Euró­pe. Gré­ci sa radi zabá­va­jú pri hud­be, tan­ci, jed­le aj víne. Ľudo­vá hud­ba a tra­dič­né tan­ce sú naj­po­pu­lár­nej­šie a naj­viac udr­žia­va­né zo všet­kých európ­skych kra­jín. Dokon­ca aj dnes vzni­ka­jú nové ľudo­vé pies­ne. Vše­obec­ne zná­ma je gréc­ka lite­ra­tú­ra. V 9. sto­ro­čí pred n.l žil Homér. Veľ­mi zná­mi sú Sofo­kles, Euri­pi­des, Aichi­los, Aris­to­fa­nes, Hero­do­tos, Pla­tón, Aris­to­te­les. Gréc­ka kuchy­ňa je typic­ká stre­do­mor­ská. Pou­ží­va sa veľ­ké množ­stvo oli­vo­vé­ho ole­ja. Gréc­ko pat­rí medzi najob­ľú­be­nej­šie turis­tic­ké des­ti­ná­cie, hoj­ne nav­šte­vo­va­né sú ostro­vy Kré­ta, Rho­dos, Les­bos, Kefa­ló­nia, Kor­fu, Thas­sos, Zakynt­hos, polo­strov Chla­ki­di­ki. Za pamiat­ka­mi sa cho­dí do tých­to miest: Até­ny, Téby, Del­fy, Myké­ny, Spar­ta, Knos­sos, Itha­ka (wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Gre­e­ce is loca­ted in sout­hern Euro­pe. It is a coun­try with a rich his­to­ry, cove­ring an area of 131,957 km², and is home to near­ly 11 mil­li­on inha­bi­tants. More than 11 mil­li­on tou­rists visit Gre­e­ce annu­al­ly (wal​kers​.sk). The capi­tal city is Athens.

Gre­e­ce inc­lu­des about 2000 islands, pri­ma­ri­ly in the Aege­an Sea. Among the well-​known and lar­ge islands are Cre­te and Rho­des. Sin­ce ancient times, Gre­e­ce has been divi­ded into Mace­do­nia in the north, Thra­ce in the nort­he­ast, Epi­rus in the nort­hwest, Thes­sa­ly in the nort­he­ast, Rume­lia in the south, Pelo­pon­ne­se, Cre­te, the Aege­an, and Ionian Islands. Major cities inc­lu­de Thes­sa­lo­ni­ki, Pira­e­us, Laris­sa, Xant­hi, Argos, Herak­li­on, Corinth. Gre­ek his­to­ry is very rich, being one of the lon­gest and most sig­ni­fi­cant. Befo­re the arri­val of the Gre­eks, Pelas­gians and Mino­ans lived in the ter­ri­to­ry of Gre­e­ce. In the 4th – 3rd mil­len­nium BC, the first Gre­ek tri­bes – Acha­e­ans, who cre­a­ted the first Myce­na­e­an cul­tu­re, penet­ra­ted Gre­e­ce. They were fol­lo­wed by other tri­bes – Dorians, Ionians, Aeolians, Epi­ro­tes, Mace­do­nians. Gre­ek cul­tu­re laid the foun­da­ti­ons of Euro­pe­an cul­tu­re. Until the 17th cen­tu­ry, Cre­te, ruled by the Vene­tians, was one of the most cul­tu­red Euro­pe­an cen­ters (wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Con­tem­po­ra­ry Gre­ek cul­tu­re is pri­ma­ri­ly influ­en­ced by Byzan­ti­ne and ancient tra­di­ti­ons. Gre­ek cul­tu­re as a who­le is clo­ser to orien­tal coun­tries than to Euro­pe. Gre­eks enjoy enter­tain­ment through music, dan­ce, food, and wine. Folk music and tra­di­ti­onal dan­ces are the most popu­lar and well-​preserved among all Euro­pe­an coun­tries. Even today, new folk songs are being cre­a­ted. Gre­ek lite­ra­tu­re is wide­ly kno­wn, with Homer living in the 9th cen­tu­ry BC. Other famous figu­res inc­lu­de Sop­hoc­les, Euri­pi­des, Aes­chy­lus, Aris­top­ha­nes, Hero­do­tus, Pla­to, Aris­tot­le. Gre­ek cuisi­ne is typi­cal­ly Medi­ter­ra­ne­an, with the abun­dant use of oli­ve oil. Gre­e­ce is among the most popu­lar tou­rist des­ti­na­ti­ons, with islands such as Cre­te, Rho­des, Les­bos, Kefa­lo­nia, Cor­fu, Thas­sos, Zakynt­hos, and the Chal­ki­di­ki Penin­su­la being hea­vi­ly visi­ted. Tou­rists also explo­re his­to­ri­cal sites in cities like Athens, The­bes, Delp­hi, Myce­nae, Spar­ta, Knos­sos, Itha­ca (wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Η Ελλάδα βρίσκεται στη νότια Ευρώπη. Είναι μια χώρα με πλούσια ιστορία, καλύπτοντας μια έκταση 131.957 τ.χλμ. και φιλοξενεί σχεδόν 11 εκατομμύρια κατοίκους. Περισσότεροι από 11 εκατομμύρια τουρίστες επισκέπτονται την Ελλάδα ετησίως (wal​kers​.sk). Η πρωτεύουσα είναι η Αθήνα.

Η Ελλάδα περιλαμβάνει περίπου 2000 νησιά, κυρίως στο Αιγαίο Πέλαγος. Μεταξύ των γνωστών και μεγάλων νησιών περιλαμβάνονται η Κρήτη και ο Ρόδος. Από την αρχαιότητα, η Ελλάδα χωρίζεται σε Μακεδονία στα βόρεια, Θράκη στα βορειοανατολικά, Ήπειρο στα κεντροδυτικά, Θεσσαλία στα κεντροανατολικά, Ρουμελία στα νότια, Πελοπόννησο, Κρήτη, Αιγαίο και Ιόνιο Νησιά. Σημαντικές πόλεις περιλαμβάνουν τη Θεσσαλονίκη, τον Πειραιά, τη Λάρισα, την Ξάνθη, το Άργος, το Ηράκλειο, την Κόρινθο. Η ελληνική ιστορία είναι πολύ πλούσια, αποτελώντας μία από τις πιο μακρόχρονες και σημαντικές. Πριν από την άφιξη των Ελλήνων, ζούσαν στην περιοχή της Ελλάδας οι Πελασγοί και οι Μινωίτες. Στον 4ο – 3ο χιλιετία π.Χ., οι πρώτοι ελληνικοί φυλετικοί οικισμοί, οι Αχαιοί, εισήλθαν στην Ελλάδα, δημιουργώντας τον πρώτο πολιτισμό, την Μυκηναϊκή. Ακολούθησαν άλλες φυλές – Δωριείς, Ίωνες, Αιολείς, Ηπειρώτες, Μακεδόνες. Η ελληνική πολιτιστική κληρονομιά τέθηκε τα θεμέλια του ευρωπαϊκού πολιτισμού. Μέχρι τον 17ο αιώνα, η Κρήτη, κυριαρχούμενη από τους Βενετσιάνους, ήταν ένα από τα πιο καλλιεργημένα ευρωπαϊκά κέντρα (wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Η σύγχρονη ελληνική κουλτούρα επηρεάζεται κυρίως από βυζαντινές και αρχαίες παραδόσεις. Η ελληνική κουλτούρα συνολικά βρίσκεται πιο κοντά σε ανατολικές χώρες παρά στην Ευρώπη. Οι Έλληνες απολαμβάνουν τη διασκέδαση μέσω μουσικής, χορού, φαγητού και κρασιού. Η λαϊκή μουσική και τα παραδοσιακά χορευτικά είναι τα πιο δημοφιλή και καλά διατηρημένα ανάμεσα σε όλες τις ευρωπαϊκές χώρες. Ακόμα και σήμερα δημιουργούνται νέα λαϊκά τραγούδια. Η ελληνική λογοτεχνία είναι ευρέως γνωστή, με τον Όμηρο να ζει στον 9ο αιώνα π.Χ. Άλλα διάσημα πρόσωπα περιλαμβάνουν τους Σοφοκλή, Ευριπίδη, Αισχύλο, Αριστοφάνη, Ηρόδοτο, Πλάτων, Αριστοτέλη. Η ελληνική κουζίνα είναι τυπικά μεσογειακή, με την έντονη χρήση ελαιολάδου. Η Ελλάδα βρίσκεται ανάμεσα στα πιο δημοφιλή τουριστικά προορισμούς, με τα νησιά όπως η Κρήτη, η Ρόδος, η Λέσβος, η Κεφαλονιά, η Κέρκυρα, η Θάσος, το Ζάκυνθο, και ο χερσαίος τόπος Χαλκιδική να είναι πολύ επισκεφθημένα. Οι τουρίστες εξερευνούν επίσης ιστορικούς χώρους σε πόλεις όπως Αθήνα, Θήβες, Δελφοί, Μυκήνες, Σπάρτη, Κνωσός, Ιθάκη (wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

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2006, 2006-2010, 2007, 2009, 2011-2015, 2012, 2013, Časová línia, Ľudia, TOP

Muži

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Muži pred­sta­vu­jú jed­no z dvoch základ­ných pohla­ví a majú cha­rak­te­ris­tic­ké bio­lo­gic­ké roz­die­ly od žien, vrá­ta­ne fyzi­olo­gic­kých a hor­mo­nál­nych odliš­nos­tí. V spo­loč­nos­ti sa čas­to oča­ká­va­jú rôz­ne sociál­ne a kul­túr­ne role od mužov, kto­ré sa môžu líšiť v závis­los­ti od kul­tú­ry a his­to­ric­ké­ho kon­tex­tu. Mno­hí muži sú súčas­ťou rodín a môžu zastá­vať rôz­ne úlo­hy a zod­po­ved­nos­ti v rám­ci rodin­né­ho pro­stre­dia, vrá­ta­ne role otca ale­bo par­tne­ra. Muži môžu byť aktív­ni na pra­cov­nom trhu a zastá­vať rôz­ne pro­fe­sie a povo­la­nia. His­to­ric­ky boli nie­kto­ré odvet­via prá­ce pova­žo­va­né za tra­dič­ne muž­ské. Muži majú rôz­ne indi­vi­du­ál­ne záuj­my a záľu­by, kto­ré môžu zahŕňať šport, ume­nie, vedu, tech­no­ló­gie. Kaž­dý muž je jedi­neč­ná indi­vi­du­ál­na osob­nosť so svo­ji­mi vlast­ný­mi skú­se­nos­ťa­mi, hodnotami.

Men repre­sent one of the two fun­da­men­tal gen­ders and have cha­rac­te­ris­tic bio­lo­gi­cal dif­fe­ren­ces from women, inc­lu­ding phy­si­olo­gi­cal and hor­mo­nal dis­tinc­ti­ons. In socie­ty, vari­ous social and cul­tu­ral roles are often expec­ted from men, which may vary depen­ding on cul­tu­re and his­to­ri­cal con­text. Many men are part of fami­lies and can assu­me dif­fe­rent roles and res­pon­si­bi­li­ties wit­hin the fami­ly envi­ron­ment, inc­lu­ding the role of a fat­her or par­tner. Men can be acti­ve in the work­for­ce, hol­ding vari­ous pro­fes­si­ons and occu­pa­ti­ons. His­to­ri­cal­ly, cer­tain sec­tors of work have been tra­di­ti­onal­ly con­si­de­red male-​dominated. Men have diver­se indi­vi­du­al inte­rests and hob­bies, which may encom­pass sports, art, scien­ce, and tech­no­lo­gy. Each man is a uni­que indi­vi­du­al with his own expe­rien­ces and values.

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2006-2010, 2010, 2011-2015, 2013, Časová línia, Horehronie, Krajina, Slovenská krajina

Polomka – čarovný svet horehronský

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Polo­mka je naj­väč­šia obec na Horeh­ro­ní, má tak­mer 3 000 oby­va­te­ľov. Stred obce leží v nad­mor­skej výš­ke 628 met­rov nad morom (polo​mka​.sk). Roz­lo­ha obce je 94.02 km2. Leží na pra­vom bre­hu Hro­na, 20 km východ­ne od Brez­na. Na juž­nom úpä­tí Níz­kych Tatier a ich sty­ku s Vepor­ský­mi vrch­mi (Wiki­pe­dia). Polo­mka je cha­rak­te­ris­tic­ká náre­čím, zacho­va­la sa tu tra­dič­ná kuchy­ňa, ​“hria­tô s mädom”, ​“krom­pak v kapus­te”, ​“šti­ka­ná cha­mu­la”, ťaha­ná ​“polo­mská štrúd­ľa” (polo​mka​.sk). Folk­lór, miest­ne tra­dí­cie mapu­je folk­lór­ny súbor Bre­zin­ky (polo​mka​.sk), kto­rý vzni­kol v roku 1954 . Pýchou polo­mské­ho kro­ja je plnou ruč­nou výšiv­kou boha­to zdo­be­ná pokrýv­ka hla­vy – kap­ka (polo​mka​.sk). V Polo­mke ani v blíz­kom oko­lí nie je dosta­tok pra­cov­ných prí­le­ži­tos­tí. Pri obci sa nachá­dza lyžiar­ske stre­dis­ko Buč­ník (polo​mka​.sk).

Pod­ne­bie v Polo­mke je vlh­ké, vege­tač­né obdo­bie je krát­ke. Pes­to­va­li sa tu naj­mä krmo­vi­ny, ovos, jarec, žito, stru­ko­vi­ny, od 19. sto­ro­čia zemia­ky. Ako význam­ná tex­til­ná plo­di­na sa pes­to­val ľan a kono­pe. V 19. sto­ro­čí nastal roz­mach reme­siel, povoz­níc­tva. Vybu­do­va­ná bola píla na vod­ný pohon. Fun­go­val vod­ný mlyn a pivo­var. Začiat­kom 20. sto­ro­čia nepriaz­ni­vé pome­ry spô­so­bi­li vysťa­ho­va­lec­tvo do Aus­trá­lie, Fran­cúz­ska a Ame­ri­ky. 12. novem­bra 1932 je dňom Polo­mskej vzbu­ry – vzbu­ry pro­ti kru­tým exe­kú­to­rom, kto­rí pri­pra­vi­li mno­hé rodi­ny o stre­chu nad hla­vou. Polo­mka pat­ri­la počas SNP medzi povs­ta­lec­ké obce. V cha­te Pod Homôl­kou boli par­ti­zá­ni napad­nu­tí jed­not­kou Ede­lwe­is, zaja­tí a odtran­s­por­to­va­ní do kon­cen­trač­né­ho tábo­ra Maut­hau­sen, kde boli pop­ra­ve­ní. Polo­mka bola oslo­bo­de­ná rumun­ský­mi a soviet­sky­mi vojak­mi 30. janu­ára 1945. Po voj­ne sa posta­vi­lo mno­ho rodin­ných domov, bytov aj verej­ných inšti­tú­cií. V roku 1976 bol vybu­do­va­ný Dre­vo­kom­bi­nát (polo​mka​.sk).

Kon­com 13. sto­ro­čia na Horeh­ro­ní vzni­ka­li prvé baníc­ke osa­dy. Z rôz­nych his­to­ric­kých pra­me­ňov je mož­né sa dom­nie­vať, že Polo­mka vznik­la už začiat­kom 14. sto­ro­čia, písom­né dokla­dy však nebo­li náj­de­né. Prvá písom­ná zmien­ka o obci je z roku 1525. Pôvod­ní oby­va­te­lia boli Rusí­ni, noví osad­ní­ci pri­chá­dza­li naj­mä zo Spi­ša (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). V roku 1551 tu žilo 9 rodín, v roku 1605 37 (polo​mka​.sk), v roku 1828 v 230 domoch 2 293 oby­va­te­ľov (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). His­to­ric­ké náz­vy obce: Polun­ka, Polu­oka, Sch­gy­ar, Sqe­er alias Polun­ka, Pol­lun­ka alias Zeer, Pol­lun­ka (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). Oby­va­te­lia sa veno­va­li roľ­níc­tvu a pas­tier­stvu. Deji­ny Polo­mky sú úzko spä­té s hra­dom Muráň a s murán­skym pan­stvom (polo​mka​.sk).

Polo­mka is the lar­gest vil­la­ge in Horeh­ro­nie, with near­ly 3,000 inha­bi­tants. The vil­la­ge cen­ter is situ­ated at an ele­va­ti­on of 628 meters abo­ve sea level (polo​mka​.sk). The vil­la­ge covers an area of 94.02 km² and is loca­ted on the right bank of the Hron River, 20 km east of Brez­no, at the sout­hern foot­hills of the Low Tatras, whe­re they meet the Vepor­ské vrchy (Wiki­pe­dia). Polo­mka is cha­rac­te­ri­zed by its dia­lect, pre­ser­ving tra­di­ti­onal cuisi­ne, inc­lu­ding dis­hes like ​“hria­tô s mädom” (a warm drink with honey), ​“krom­pak v kapus­te” (cab­ba­ge stuf­fed with meat and rice), ​“šti­ka­ná cha­mu­la” (a type of dum­pling), and the pul­led ​“polo­mská štrúd­ľa” (polo​mka​.sk). The folk ensem­ble Bre­zin­ky (polo​mka​.sk), for­med in 1954, sho­wca­ses folk­lo­re and local tra­di­ti­ons. The pri­de of the Polo­mka tra­di­ti­onal cos­tu­me is the head cove­ring cal­led ​“kap­ka,” ador­ned with full hand­ma­de embro­ide­ry (polo​mka​.sk). Due to a lack of emplo­y­ment oppor­tu­ni­ties in Polo­mka and its vici­ni­ty, the­re is a ski resort cal­led Buč­ník near the vil­la­ge (polo​mka​.sk).

Polo­mka has a humid cli­ma­te with a short gro­wing sea­son. The pri­ma­ry crops his­to­ri­cal­ly inc­lu­ded fod­der, oats, bar­ley, rye, and legu­mes, with pota­to­es intro­du­ced in the 19th cen­tu­ry. Linen and hemp were gro­wn as sig­ni­fi­cant tex­ti­le crops. In the 19th cen­tu­ry, crafts and car­ria­ge making thri­ved, and a water-​powered sawmill, mill, and bre­we­ry were estab­lis­hed. Adver­se con­di­ti­ons at the begin­ning of the 20th cen­tu­ry led to emig­ra­ti­on to Aus­tra­lia, Fran­ce, and Ame­ri­ca. Novem­ber 12, 1932, is remem­be­red as the day of the Polo­mka Upri­sing, a rebel­li­on against harsh exe­cu­tors who left many fami­lies home­less. Polo­mka acti­ve­ly par­ti­ci­pa­ted in the Slo­vak Nati­onal Upri­sing (SNP) during World War II. In the cot­ta­ge Pod Homôl­kou, par­ti­sans were attac­ked by the Ede­lwe­iss unit, cap­tu­red, and tran­s­por­ted to the Maut­hau­sen con­cen­tra­ti­on camp, whe­re they were exe­cu­ted. Polo­mka was libe­ra­ted by Roma­nian and Soviet tro­ops on Janu­ary 30, 1945. After the war, many fami­ly homes, apart­ments, and pub­lic ins­ti­tu­ti­ons were built. In 1976, the Wood Com­bi­ne (Dre­vo­kom­bi­nát) was estab­lis­hed (polo​mka​.sk).

In the late 13th cen­tu­ry, the first mining sett­le­ments emer­ged in Horeh­ro­nie. Alt­hough it is belie­ved that Polo­mka was foun­ded in the ear­ly 14th cen­tu­ry based on vari­ous his­to­ri­cal sour­ces, no writ­ten evi­den­ce has been found. The first writ­ten men­ti­on of the vil­la­ge dates back to 1525. The ori­gi­nal inha­bi­tants were Rut­he­nians, and new sett­lers came main­ly from Spiš (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). In 1551, the­re were 9 fami­lies living here, and by 1605, the num­ber had gro­wn to 37 (polo​mka​.sk). In 1828, the­re were 2,293 resi­dents in 230 hou­ses (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). His­to­ri­cal names for the vil­la­ge inc­lu­de Polun­ka, Polu­oka, Sch­gy­ar, Sqe­er alias Polun­ka, Pol­lun­ka alias Zeer, and Pol­lun­ka (najk​raj​sik​raj​.sk). The inha­bi­tants were enga­ged in agri­cul­tu­re and pas­to­ra­lism. The his­to­ry of Polo­mka is clo­se­ly tied to Muráň Cast­le and the Muráň domain (polo​mka​.sk).

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2006-2010, 2009, Časová línia, Európske, Krajina, Mestá, Mestá, Oslavné, Reportáže, Športové, Talianske, Talianske mestá, Taliansko, Typ krajiny, Zahraničie, Zahraničné

Historická regata v Benátkach

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His­to­ric­ká rega­ta v Benát­kach je atrak­tív­na kul­túr­na, kto­rá láka veľ­ké množ­stvo náv­štev­ní­kov. Akcia odka­zu­je na sláv­ne oka­mi­hy benát­skej his­tó­rie, naj­mä na sláv­ne stre­do­ve­ké víťazs­tvá. Cez rega­tu je vid­no veľa benát­skych gon­dol a iných his­to­ric­kých lodí, kto­ré sú zdo­be­né a obsa­de­né ves­lár­mi v dobo­vých kostýmoch.

His­to­ric­ká rega­ta sa koná pra­vi­del­ne v Benát­kach prvú sep­tem­bro­vú nede­ľu. Podu­ja­tie má nesku­toč­nú tra­dí­ciu, kto­rá je vní­ma­teľ­ná až pre­ky­pu­jú­ca. Koná sa od roku 1315. Pre­bie­ha naj­mä pozdĺž Canal Gran­de. His­to­ric­ká rega­ta mala svo­ju sláv­nost­nú his­to­ric­kú a špor­to­vej­šiu časť. Cel­ko­vý cha­rak­ter akcie by som vyhod­no­til ako kultúrno-​spoločenský s pomer­ne sil­ným pat­ri­otiz­mom pre domá­cich. Bolo evi­dent­né, že naj­mä pre zrel­ších oby­va­te­ľov mes­ta bola táto akcia pohla­de­ním duše. Pla­vid­lá boli rôz­ne pek­ne vyzdo­be­né v cere­mo­niál­nej čas­ti a pek­ne oble­če­ná bola aj posád­ka v nich. V špor­to­vej čas­ti sa súťa­ži­lo v rôz­nych kate­gó­riách, ja som sle­do­val len začia­tok. Súťa­ži­li ženy, muži, deti, samoz­rej­me tiež pek­ne zladení.

The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta in Veni­ce is an att­rac­ti­ve cul­tu­ral event that att­racts a lar­ge num­ber of visi­tors. The event recalls famous moments in Vene­tian his­to­ry, espe­cial­ly the glo­ri­ous medie­val vic­to­ries. During the regat­ta, you can see many Vene­tian gon­do­las and other his­to­ri­cal boats, beau­ti­ful­ly ador­ned and man­ned by rowers in peri­od costumes.

The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta takes pla­ce regu­lar­ly in Veni­ce on the first Sun­day of Sep­tem­ber. The event has an inc­re­dib­le tra­di­ti­on that is pal­pab­le and overf­lo­wing. It has been held sin­ce 1315, pri­ma­ri­ly along the Grand Canal. The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta has both its fes­ti­ve his­to­ri­cal and more sports-​oriented parts. I would eva­lu­ate the ove­rall cha­rac­ter of the event as cultural-​social with a rela­ti­ve­ly strong sen­se of pat­ri­otism for the locals. It was evi­dent that this event was a soul-​soothing expe­rien­ce, espe­cial­ly for the more matu­re inha­bi­tants of the city. The boats were beau­ti­ful­ly deco­ra­ted in the cere­mo­nial part, and the cre­ws were also nice­ly dres­sed. In the sports sec­ti­on, the­re were com­pe­ti­ti­ons in vari­ous cate­go­ries, and I only wat­ched the begin­ning. Women, men, and chil­dren com­pe­ted, all ele­gan­tly coor­di­na­ted, of course.

La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca a Vene­zia è un att­ra­en­te even­to cul­tu­ra­le che atti­ra un gran nume­ro di visi­ta­to­ri. L’e­ven­to ricor­da famo­si momen­ti del­la sto­ria vene­zia­na, in par­ti­co­la­re le glo­ri­ose vit­to­rie medie­va­li. Duran­te la rega­ta, è possi­bi­le ammi­ra­re mol­te gon­do­le vene­zia­ne e altre imbar­ca­zi­oni sto­ri­che, splen­di­da­men­te deco­ra­te e con­dot­te da rema­to­ri in cos­tu­mi d’epoca.

La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca si svol­ge rego­lar­men­te a Vene­zia la pri­ma dome­ni­ca di set­tem­bre. L’e­ven­to ha una tra­di­zi­one inc­re­di­bi­le, per­ce­pi­bi­le fino a esse­re tra­vol­gen­te. Si tie­ne dal 1315, prin­ci­pal­men­te lun­go il Canal Gran­de. La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca ha la sua par­te fes­to­sa e sto­ri­ca e una par­te più orien­ta­ta allo sport. Valu­te­rei il carat­te­re com­ples­si­vo del­l’e­ven­to come culturale-​sociale con un pat­ri­ot­tis­mo abbas­tan­za for­te per i loca­li. Era evi­den­te che ques­ta mani­fes­ta­zi­one fos­se un’es­pe­rien­za che toc­ca­va l’a­ni­ma, sop­rat­tut­to per gli abi­tan­ti più matu­ri del­la cit­tà. Le imbar­ca­zi­oni era­no splen­di­da­men­te deco­ra­te nel­la par­te ceri­mo­nia­le e l’e­qu­ipag­gio era altret­tan­to ben ves­ti­to. Nel­la par­te spor­ti­va, c’e­ra­no gare in varie cate­go­rie, ma ho guar­da­to solo l’i­ni­zio. Don­ne, uomi­ni e bam­bi­ni han­no gareg­gia­to, tut­ti ele­gan­te­men­te coor­di­na­ti, naturalmente.

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2006, 2006-2010, Časová línia, Krajina, Obce, Podunajské, Podunajsko, Slovenská krajina, Slovenské

Cífer

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Cífer je s pri­dru­že­ný­mi čas­ťa­mi Pác a Jar­ná naj­väč­šou obcou Trnav­ské­ho okre­su. Žije v ňom cca 4000 oby­va­te­ľov (cifer​.sk). Naj­star­šia zmien­ka o Cífe­ri je už čias Veľ­kej Mora­vy z 9. sto­ro­čia (cifer​.sk). Z doby kamen­nej upú­ta­va množ­stvo náj­de­nej kera­mi­ky. Kolek­cia nádob rekon­štru­ova­ných z náj­de­ných frag­men­tov pred­sta­vu­je naj­rep­re­zen­ta­tív­nej­ší kera­mic­ký kom­plex nie­len na Slo­ven­sku. Našiel sa tu hli­ne­ný štít­ko­vý idol, naj­star­šia plas­ti­ka toh­to dru­hu v stred­nej Euró­pe (cifer​.sk). Z úze­mia Cífe­ra a jeho najb­liž­šie­ho oko­lia sa spo­mí­na­jú nále­zy azda naj­star­šie­ho ger­mán­ske­ho hro­bu na úze­mí Slo­ven­ska, kon­krét­ne zo začiat­ku 1. sto­ro­čia pred n.l. V Cífe­ri – Páci sa našli zvyš­ky rím­skej usad­los­ti zo 4. sto­ro­čia (cifer​.sk). Cez Cífer pre­te­ká potok Gid­ra. Pochá­dza­jú z tade­to: pla­vec Mar­cel Géry, spi­so­va­teľ Milan Zelin­ka, spe­vák a muzi­kant Laco Luče­nič, herec, dra­ma­turg a reži­sér Otto Vareč­ka (Wiki­pe­dia). Cífer­ské výšiv­ky, kro­je, šitie majú veľ­ký ohlas a boha­tú his­tó­riu (goog​le​.com). V roku 1892 bola zalo­že­ná výšiv­kár­ska diel­ňa, kde pod vede­ním Márie Hol­lós­sy­o­vej tvo­ri­li nároč­né výšiv­ky, zásta­vy, cir­kev­né a koru­no­vač­né rúcha (goog​le​.com).

Domi­nan­tou obce je kos­tol svä­té­ho Micha­la Archa­nie­la. Jeho gotic­ká archi­tek­tú­ra pri­ťa­hu­je pozor­nosť. Ďal­šou význam­nou pamiat­kou je kaš­tieľ, kto­rý v minu­los­ti slú­žil ako síd­lo šľach­ti­cov. Miest­ni oby­va­te­lia sa sna­žia udr­žia­vať tra­dí­cie pro­stred­níc­tvom folk­lór­nych podu­ja­tí. Mes­to je dob­re dostup­né z hlav­ných doprav­ných trás.

Cífer, along with its asso­cia­ted parts Pác and Jar­ná, is the lar­gest muni­ci­pa­li­ty in the Trna­va dis­trict. It has a popu­la­ti­on of app­ro­xi­ma­te­ly 4,000 resi­dents (cifer​.sk). The ear­liest men­ti­on of Cífer dates back to the times of Gre­at Mora­via in the 9th cen­tu­ry (cifer​.sk). Abun­dant finds of potte­ry from the Sto­ne Age have been dis­co­ve­red, with a col­lec­ti­on of ves­sels recons­truc­ted from found frag­ments repre­sen­ting the most repre­sen­ta­ti­ve cera­mic com­plex not only in Slo­va­kia. A clay tag-​like idol was also found here, the oldest sculp­tu­re of its kind in Cen­tral Euro­pe (cifer​.sk). Dis­co­ve­ries from the ter­ri­to­ry of Cífer and its imme­dia­te sur­roun­dings inc­lu­de per­haps the oldest Ger­ma­nic gra­ve on the ter­ri­to­ry of Slo­va­kia, spe­ci­fi­cal­ly from the begin­ning of the 1st cen­tu­ry BC. Remains of a Roman sett­le­ment from the 4th cen­tu­ry were found in Cífer – Pác (cifer​.sk).

The Gid­ra stre­am flo­ws through Cífer. Notab­le indi­vi­du­als from Cífer inc­lu­de swim­mer Mar­cel Géry, wri­ter Milan Zelin­ka, sin­ger and musi­cian Laco Luče­nič, and actor, dra­ma­tur­ge, and direc­tor Otto Vareč­ka (Wiki­pe­dia). Cífe­r’s embro­ide­ries, cos­tu­mes, and sewing have a gre­at impact and a rich his­to­ry (goog​le​.com). In 1892, an embro­ide­ry works­hop was estab­lis­hed, whe­re, under the guidan­ce of Mária Hol­lós­sy, intri­ca­te embro­ide­ries, ban­ners, church items, and coro­na­ti­on robes were cre­a­ted (goog​le​.com)

The domi­nant fea­tu­re of the vil­la­ge is the Church of St. Micha­el the Archan­gel. Its Got­hic archi­tec­tu­re att­racts atten­ti­on. Anot­her sig­ni­fi­cant monu­ment is the cast­le, which in the past ser­ved as the resi­den­ce of nobi­li­ty. Local resi­dents stri­ve to main­tain tra­di­ti­ons through folk­lo­re events. The town is easi­ly acces­sib­le from major tran­s­por­ta­ti­on routes.

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