2006-2010, 2009, Časová línia, Krajina, Mestá, Taliansko, TOP, Typ krajiny, Zahraničie

Taliansko

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Kra­ji­na v tva­re čiž­my, kto­rá vychá­dza z kon­ti­nen­tu a z ostat­ných strán je obklo­pe­ná Stre­do­zem­ným morom. Talian­sko má sláv­nu his­tó­riu, kto by nepoz­nal sta­ro­ve­ký Rím, obdo­bie anti­ky, Nera, Mar­ca Aure­lia, Cézara?

V Talian­sku žije viac ako 60 mili­ó­nov oby­va­te­ľov na plo­che 301 230 km2. Má nie­koľ­ko ostro­vov: Síci­liu, Sar­dí­niu, Elbu, Cap­ri, Tre­mi­ti a Ischiu (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk). Väč­ši­na Talian­ska je Ape­nin­ským polo­os­tro­vom. Na seve­re sa vypí­na­jú Alpy, na hra­ni­ciach s Fran­cúz­skom je naj­vyš­ší vrch Euró­py Mont Blanc. Cez polo­os­trov sa tiah­nu Ape­ni­ny. Na ostro­voch sú čin­né sop­ky Vezuv, Etna, Strom­bo­li (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Pomer­ne veľ­ké zastú­pe­nie majú národ­nos­ti okrem domá­cej, kto­rá tvo­rí tak­mer 93 % popu­lá­cie. A to naj­mä rumu­ni, seve­ro­af­ri­ča­nia, albán­ci, čína­nia, ukra­jin­ci. Veľ­ké mes­tá Talian­ska: Rím (Rome), Milá­no (Milan), Neapol, Turín, Paler­mo, Janov (Genoa), Bolog­na, Flo­ren­cia, Bari, Cata­nia, Benát­ky (Veni­ce), Vero­na, Mes­si­na, Pado­va (Padua) (Wiki­pe­dia ENG). Regi­ó­ny Talian­ska: Abruz­zo, Basi­li­ca­ta, Kaláb­ria, Cam­pa­nia, Emi­lia Romag­na, Friu­li Vene­zia Giu­lia, Lazio, Ligu­ria, Lom­bar­dia, Mar­che, Moli­se, Pie­mon­te, Pug­lia, Sar­dí­nia, Sicí­lia, Tos­kán­sko, Tren­ti­no – Alto Adi­ge, Umbria, Val­le d‘Aousta, Vené­cia (dovo​len​ka​ta​lian​sko​.sk). Rím je síd­lom pápe­ža. Veľ­mi zná­ma je veta: Všet­ky ces­ty vedú do Ríma”.

V sta­ro­ve­ku na úze­mí Talian­ska exis­to­va­li mest­ské štá­ty čias­toč­ne zalo­že­ných na gréc­kej kolo­ni­zá­cii a etrus­ké mes­tá. V 8. sto­ro­čí vzni­kol Rím, kto­rý zažil veľ­kú slá­vu a tešil sa jej viac ako tisíc rokov. Zani­kol v roku 476 (Wiki​pe​dia​.cz). V sta­ro­ve­ku (264144 pred n. l.) počas pún­skym vojen Féni­ča­nia z Kar­tá­ga bojo­va­li pro­ti Rima­nom. V rokoch 7371 pred n. l. pre­beh­lo Spar­ta­ko­ve povs­ta­nie. Spar­ta­kus bol gla­diá­tor (Pet­ra Sur­mo­vá). 

Nie­kto­rí zo sláv­nych vlád­cov Ríma: Augus­tus, Tibe­rius, Cali­gu­la, Clau­dius, Nero, Vitel­lius, Ves­pa­sian, Titus, Ner­va, Tra­jan, Had­rian, Anto­ni­nus Pius, Lucius Verus, Mar­cus Aure­lius, Com­mo­dus, Per­ti­nax, Sep­ti­mus Seve­rus, Vale­rian, Gal­lie­nus, Quin­til­lus, Taci­tus, Flo­ria­nus, Dioc­le­tian, Fla­vius Vale­rius Seve­rus, Lici­nius, The­odo­sius, Romu­lus Augus­tu­lus (List of Roman empe­rors). Zná­mi hudob­ní skla­da­te­lia: Gia­co­mo Puc­ci­ni, Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di, Arcan­ge­lo Corel­li, Anto­nio Vival­di, Gioac­chi­no Ros­si­ni, Nico­lo Paga­ni­ni, Giu­sep­pe Ver­di, Gae­ota­no Doni­zet­ti. Zná­mi malia­ri: Miche­lan­ge­lo, Leonar­do da Vin­ci, Dona­tel­lo, Bot­ti­cel­li, Cara­vag­gio, Titian, Rap­ha­el, spi­so­va­te­lia: Dan­te Alig­hie­ri, Giovan­ni Boc­cac­cio, Torqu­ato Tas­so, filo­zo­fo­via: Gior­da­no Bru­no, Nic­co­lo Machia­vel­li, fil­má­ri: Vit­to­rio De Sica, Fede­ri­co Fel­li­ni, Pier Paolo Paso­li­ni, Luchi­no Vis­con­ti, Miche­lan­ge­lo Anto­ni­oni, Ser­gio Leone, ved­ci: Leonar­do da Vin­ci, Gali­leo Gali­lei, Enri­co Fer­mi, Giovan­ni Dome­ni­co Cas­si­ni, Ales­san­dro Vol­ta, Leonar­do Pisa­no Fibo­nac­ci, Camil­lo Gol­gi, Gug­liel­mo Mar­co­ni (Wiki­pe­dia ENG).

Sve­to­zná­me sú mód­ne znač­ky Guc­ci, Pra­da, Ver­sa­ce, Valen­ti­no, Arma­ni (world​cat​.org), Benet­ton (Dela­na Miko­lá­šo­vá), ape­ri­tí­vy: Cin­za­no, Mar­ti­ni, Cam­pa­ri, syry: moz­za­rel­la, gor­gon­zo­la, par­mi­gia­no, (Dela­na Miko­lá­šo­vá), fut­ba­lo­vé klu­by: Juven­tus Turín, AC Milá­no, Lazio Rím, Inter Milá­no, AC Par­ma, SSC Neapol.


Ita­ly, sha­ped like a boot, extends from the con­ti­nent and is sur­roun­ded by the Medi­ter­ra­ne­an Sea. Ita­ly boasts a rich his­to­ry, with the reno­wned ancient Rome, the anti­qu­ity peri­od, and ico­nic figu­res like Nero, Mar­cus Aure­lius, and Caesar.

With a popu­la­ti­on exce­e­ding 60 mil­li­on across 301,230 km², Ita­ly inc­lu­des seve­ral islands such as Sici­ly, Sar­di­nia, Elba, Cap­ri, Tre­mi­ti, and Ischia (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk). The majo­ri­ty of Ita­ly is the Apen­ni­ne Penin­su­la. The Alps rise to the north, with Mont Blanc, Euro­pe­’s hig­hest peak, bor­de­ring Fran­ce. The Apen­ni­nes stretch across the penin­su­la. Acti­ve vol­ca­no­es, inc­lu­ding Vesu­vius, Etna, and Strom­bo­li, are found on the islands (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Apart from the pre­do­mi­nan­tly nati­ve popu­la­ti­on, making up almost 93%, Ita­ly hosts diver­se nati­ona­li­ties like Roma­nians, North Afri­cans, Alba­nians, Chi­ne­se, and Ukrai­nians. Major cities inc­lu­de Rome, Milan, Naples, Turin, Paler­mo, Genoa, Bolog­na, Flo­ren­ce, Bari, Cata­nia, Veni­ce, Vero­na, Mes­si­na, and Padua (Wiki­pe­dia ENG). Regi­ons in Ita­ly encom­pass Abruz­zo, Basi­li­ca­ta, Calab­ria, Cam­pa­nia, Emi­lia Romag­na, Friu­li Vene­zia Giu­lia, Lazio, Ligu­ria, Lom­bar­dy, Mar­che, Moli­se, Pied­mont, Pug­lia, Sar­di­nia, Sici­ly, Tus­ca­ny, Tren­ti­no – Alto Adi­ge, Umbria, Val­le d’A­os­ta, and Vene­to (dovo​len​ka​ta​lian​sko​.sk). Rome ser­ves as the papal resi­den­ce, and the famous say­ing goes, All roads lead to Rome.”

In ancient times, Ita­ly was home to city-​states part­ly foun­ded on Gre­ek colo­ni­za­ti­on and Etrus­can cities. Rome emer­ged in the 8th cen­tu­ry, expe­rien­cing gran­de­ur for over a mil­len­nium befo­re its dec­li­ne in 476 (Wiki​pe​dia​.cz). In the ancient era (264144 BC), during the Punic Wars, the Pho­eni­cians from Cart­ha­ge fought against the Romans. The Spar­ta­cus upri­sing occur­red bet­we­en 7371 BC, led by the gla­dia­tor Spar­ta­cus (Pet­ra Surmová).

Some notab­le Roman rulers inc­lu­de Augus­tus, Tibe­rius, Cali­gu­la, Clau­dius, Nero, Ves­pa­sian, Titus, Tra­jan, Had­rian, Mar­cus Aure­lius, and Com­mo­dus, among others (List of Roman empe­rors). Reno­wned com­po­sers from Ita­ly inc­lu­de Gia­co­mo Puc­ci­ni, Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di, Anto­nio Vival­di, and Giu­sep­pe Ver­di. The coun­try has pro­du­ced celeb­ra­ted artists like Miche­lan­ge­lo, Leonar­do da Vin­ci, Bot­ti­cel­li, and Cara­vag­gio, and famous wri­ters such as Dan­te Alig­hie­ri and Giovan­ni Boc­cac­cio. Notab­le phi­lo­sop­hers inc­lu­de Gior­da­no Bru­no and Nic­co­lo Machia­vel­li. In cine­ma, Ita­ly boasts direc­tors like Fede­ri­co Fel­li­ni and Ser­gio Leone. The coun­try has pro­du­ced influ­en­tial scien­tists, inc­lu­ding Gali­leo Gali­lei and Enri­co Fer­mi (Wiki­pe­dia ENG).

Ita­ly is home to world-​famous fas­hi­on brands like Guc­ci, Pra­da, Ver­sa­ce, Valen­ti­no, Arma­ni, and Benet­ton (world​cat​.org). Ico­nic ape­ri­tifs like Cin­za­no, Mar­ti­ni, and Cam­pa­ri, as well as che­e­ses like moz­za­rel­la, gor­gon­zo­la, and par­mi­gia­no, have gai­ned glo­bal recog­ni­ti­on (Dela­na Miko­lá­šo­vá). Foot­ball clubs like Juven­tus Turin, AC Milan, Lazio Rome, Inter Milan, AC Par­ma, and SSC Naples are pro­mi­nent in Ita­lian sports.


Itá­lie, una ter­ra a for­ma di sti­va­le che spor­ge dal con­ti­nen­te e che da ogni altra par­te è cir­con­da­ta dal Mar Medi­ter­ra­neo. L’I­ta­lia van­ta una sto­ria illus­tre, chi non conos­ce l’an­ti­ca Roma, il peri­odo del­l’an­ti­chi­tà, Ner­va, Mar­co Aure­lio, Cesare?

In Ita­lia vivo­no più di 60 mili­oni di abi­tan­ti su una super­fi­cie di 301.230 km². Ha diver­se iso­le: la Sici­lia, la Sar­deg­na, l’El­ba, Cap­ri, le Tre­mi­ti e Ischia (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk). La mag­gi­or par­te del­l’I­ta­lia è cos­ti­tu­ita dal­la peni­so­la appen­ni­ni­ca. A nord si ergo­no le Alpi, con il Mon­te Bian­co che seg­na il con­fi­ne con la Fran­cia. Att­ra­ver­so la peni­so­la si esten­do­no gli Appen­ni­ni. Sul­le iso­le ci sono vul­ca­ni atti­vi come il Vesu­vio, l’Et­na, lo Strom­bo­li (Wiki​pe​dia​.sk).

Le nazi­ona­li­tà han­no una rapp­re­sen­tan­za piut­tos­to ampia, oltre alla popo­la­zi­one loca­le che cos­ti­tu­is­ce quasi il 93% del­la popo­la­zi­one. Ques­te inc­lu­do­no rume­ni, nor­daf­ri­ca­ni, alba­ne­si, cine­si, ucrai­ni. Le gran­di cit­tà d’I­ta­lia inc­lu­do­no Roma (Rome), Mila­no (Mila­no), Napo­li, Tori­no, Paler­mo, Geno­va (Genoa), Bolog­na, Firen­ze, Bari, Cata­nia, Vene­zia (Veni­ce), Vero­na, Mes­si­na, Pado­va (Padua) (Wiki­pe­dia ENG). Le regi­oni ita­lia­ne inc­lu­do­no l’Ab­ruz­zo, la Basi­li­ca­ta, la Calab­ria, la Cam­pa­nia, l’E­mi­lia Romag­na, il Friu­li Vene­zia Giu­lia, il Lazio, la Ligu­ria, la Lom­bar­dia, le Mar­che, il Moli­se, il Pie­mon­te, la Pug­lia, la Sar­deg­na, la Sici­lia, la Tos­ca­na, il Tren­ti­no – Alto Adi­ge, l’Um­bria, la Val­le d’A­os­ta, il Vene­to (dovo​len​ka​ta​lian​sko​.sk). Roma è la sede del Papa. Mol­to nota è la fra­se: Tut­te le stra­de por­ta­no a Roma”.

Nel­l’an­ti­chi­tà, sul ter­ri­to­rio ita­lia­no, esis­te­va­no città-​stato par­zial­men­te fon­da­te sul­la colo­niz­za­zi­one gre­ca e sul­le cit­tà etrus­che. Nel VIII seco­lo si for­mò Roma, che vis­se una gran­de glo­ria per più di mil­le anni e scom­par­ve nel 476 (Wiki​pe​dia​.cz). Nel­l’an­ti­chi­tà (264144 a.C.) duran­te le guer­re puni­che i Feni­ci di Car­ta­gi­ne com­bat­te­ro­no con­tro i Roma­ni. Neg­li anni 7371 a.C. si veri­fi­cò la rivol­ta di Spar­ta­co. Spar­ta­co era un gla­dia­to­re (Pet­ra Surmová).

Alcu­ni dei famo­si gover­nan­ti di Roma inc­lu­do­no Augus­to, Tibe­rio, Cali­go­la, Clau­dio, Nero­ne, Ves­pa­sia­no, Tito, Traia­no, Adria­no, Anto­ni­no Pio, Lucio Vero, Mar­co Aure­lio, Com­mo­do, Per­ti­na­ce, Set­ti­mio Seve­ro, Vale­ria­no, Gal­lie­no, Quin­til­lo, Taci­to, Flo­ria­no, Dioc­le­zia­no, Fla­vio Vale­rio Seve­ro, Lici­nio, Teodo­sio, Romo­lo Augus­to (List of Roman empe­rors). Famo­si com­po­si­to­ri musi­ca­li ita­lia­ni inc­lu­do­no Gia­co­mo Puc­ci­ni, Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di, Arcan­ge­lo Corel­li, Anto­nio Vival­di, Gioachi­no Ros­si­ni, Nic­co­lò Paga­ni­ni, Giu­sep­pe Ver­di, Gae­ta­no Doni­zet­ti. Artis­ti famo­si inc­lu­do­no Miche­lan­ge­lo, Leonar­do da Vin­ci, Dona­tel­lo, Bot­ti­cel­li, Cara­vag­gio, Tizia­no, Raf­fa­el­lo, scrit­to­ri come Dan­te Alig­hie­ri, Giovan­ni Boc­cac­cio, Torqu­ato Tas­so, filo­so­fi come Gior­da­no Bru­no, Nic­co­lò Machia­vel­li, regis­ti come Vit­to­rio De Sica, Fede­ri­co Fel­li­ni, Pier Paolo Paso­li­ni, Luchi­no Vis­con­ti, Miche­lan­ge­lo Anto­ni­oni, Ser­gio Leone, scien­zia­ti come Leonar­do da Vin­ci, Gali­leo Gali­lei, Enri­co Fer­mi, Giovan­ni Dome­ni­co Cas­si­ni, Ales­san­dro Vol­ta, Leonar­do Pisa­no Fibo­nac­ci, Camil­lo Gol­gi, Gug­liel­mo Mar­co­ni (Wiki­pe­dia ENG).

Sono famo­se in tut­to il mon­do mar­che di moda come Guc­ci, Pra­da, Ver­sa­ce, Valen­ti­no, Arma­ni (world​cat​.org), Benet­ton (Dela­na Miko­lá­šo­vá), ape­ri­ti­vi come Cin­za­no, Mar­ti­ni, Cam­pa­ri, for­mag­gi come moz­za­rel­la, gor­gon­zo­la, par­mi­gia­no (Dela­na Miko­lá­šo­vá), e squ­ad­re di cal­cio come la Juven­tus di Tori­no, l’AC Mila­no, la Lazio di Roma, l’In­ter Mila­no, l’AC Par­ma, il SSC Napoli.


Nie­kto­ré príspevky

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2006-2010, 2009, Časová línia, Európske, Krajina, Mestá, Mestá, Oslavné, Reportáže, Športové, Talianske, Talianske mestá, Taliansko, Typ krajiny, Zahraničie, Zahraničné

Historická regata v Benátkach

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His­to­ric­ká rega­ta v Benát­kach je atrak­tív­na kul­túr­na, kto­rá láka veľ­ké množ­stvo náv­štev­ní­kov. Akcia odka­zu­je na sláv­ne oka­mi­hy benát­skej his­tó­rie, naj­mä na sláv­ne stre­do­ve­ké víťazs­tvá. Cez rega­tu je vid­no veľa benát­skych gon­dol a iných his­to­ric­kých lodí, kto­ré sú zdo­be­né a obsa­de­né ves­lár­mi v dobo­vých kostýmoch.

His­to­ric­ká rega­ta sa koná pra­vi­del­ne v Benát­kach prvú sep­tem­bro­vú nede­ľu. Podu­ja­tie má nesku­toč­nú tra­dí­ciu, kto­rá je vní­ma­teľ­ná až pre­ky­pu­jú­ca. Koná sa od roku 1315. Pre­bie­ha naj­mä pozdĺž Canal Gran­de. His­to­ric­ká rega­ta mala svo­ju sláv­nost­nú his­to­ric­kú a špor­to­vej­šiu časť. Cel­ko­vý cha­rak­ter akcie by som vyhod­no­til ako kultúrno-​spoločenský s pomer­ne sil­ným pat­ri­otiz­mom pre domá­cich. Bolo evi­dent­né, že naj­mä pre zrel­ších oby­va­te­ľov mes­ta bola táto akcia pohla­de­ním duše. Pla­vid­lá boli rôz­ne pek­ne vyzdo­be­né v cere­mo­niál­nej čas­ti a pek­ne oble­če­ná bola aj posád­ka v nich. V špor­to­vej čas­ti sa súťa­ži­lo v rôz­nych kate­gó­riách, ja som sle­do­val len začia­tok. Súťa­ži­li ženy, muži, deti, samoz­rej­me tiež pek­ne zladení.


The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta in Veni­ce is an att­rac­ti­ve cul­tu­ral event that att­racts a lar­ge num­ber of visi­tors. The event recalls famous moments in Vene­tian his­to­ry, espe­cial­ly the glo­ri­ous medie­val vic­to­ries. During the regat­ta, you can see many Vene­tian gon­do­las and other his­to­ri­cal boats, beau­ti­ful­ly ador­ned and man­ned by rowers in peri­od costumes.

The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta takes pla­ce regu­lar­ly in Veni­ce on the first Sun­day of Sep­tem­ber. The event has an inc­re­dib­le tra­di­ti­on that is pal­pab­le and overf­lo­wing. It has been held sin­ce 1315, pri­ma­ri­ly along the Grand Canal. The His­to­ri­cal Regat­ta has both its fes­ti­ve his­to­ri­cal and more sports-​oriented parts. I would eva­lu­ate the ove­rall cha­rac­ter of the event as cultural-​social with a rela­ti­ve­ly strong sen­se of pat­ri­otism for the locals. It was evi­dent that this event was a soul-​soothing expe­rien­ce, espe­cial­ly for the more matu­re inha­bi­tants of the city. The boats were beau­ti­ful­ly deco­ra­ted in the cere­mo­nial part, and the cre­ws were also nice­ly dres­sed. In the sports sec­ti­on, the­re were com­pe­ti­ti­ons in vari­ous cate­go­ries, and I only wat­ched the begin­ning. Women, men, and chil­dren com­pe­ted, all ele­gan­tly coor­di­na­ted, of course.


La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca a Vene­zia è un att­ra­en­te even­to cul­tu­ra­le che atti­ra un gran nume­ro di visi­ta­to­ri. L’e­ven­to ricor­da famo­si momen­ti del­la sto­ria vene­zia­na, in par­ti­co­la­re le glo­ri­ose vit­to­rie medie­va­li. Duran­te la rega­ta, è possi­bi­le ammi­ra­re mol­te gon­do­le vene­zia­ne e altre imbar­ca­zi­oni sto­ri­che, splen­di­da­men­te deco­ra­te e con­dot­te da rema­to­ri in cos­tu­mi d’epoca.

La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca si svol­ge rego­lar­men­te a Vene­zia la pri­ma dome­ni­ca di set­tem­bre. L’e­ven­to ha una tra­di­zi­one inc­re­di­bi­le, per­ce­pi­bi­le fino a esse­re tra­vol­gen­te. Si tie­ne dal 1315, prin­ci­pal­men­te lun­go il Canal Gran­de. La Rega­ta Sto­ri­ca ha la sua par­te fes­to­sa e sto­ri­ca e una par­te più orien­ta­ta allo sport. Valu­te­rei il carat­te­re com­ples­si­vo del­l’e­ven­to come culturale-​sociale con un pat­ri­ot­tis­mo abbas­tan­za for­te per i loca­li. Era evi­den­te che ques­ta mani­fes­ta­zi­one fos­se un’es­pe­rien­za che toc­ca­va l’a­ni­ma, sop­rat­tut­to per gli abi­tan­ti più matu­ri del­la cit­tà. Le imbar­ca­zi­oni era­no splen­di­da­men­te deco­ra­te nel­la par­te ceri­mo­nia­le e l’e­qu­ipag­gio era altret­tan­to ben ves­ti­to. Nel­la par­te spor­ti­va, c’e­ra­no gare in varie cate­go­rie, ma ho guar­da­to solo l’i­ni­zio. Don­ne, uomi­ni e bam­bi­ni han­no gareg­gia­to, tut­ti ele­gan­te­men­te coor­di­na­ti, naturalmente.


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2006-2010, 2009, Časová línia, Európske, Krajina, Mestá, Mestá, Talianske mestá, Taliansko, Typ krajiny

Benátky – mesto ležiace na vode

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Benát­ky sa nachá­dza­jú na seve­ro­vý­chod­nom pobre­ží Talian­ska, v oblas­ti zná­mej ako Benát­ska lagú­na. Mes­to sa skla­dá z 118 ostro­vov spo­je­ných séri­ou kaná­lov a mos­tov. Hlav­ný­mi doprav­ný­mi ces­ta­mi v Benát­kach sú kaná­ly, kto­ré nahrá­dza­jú kla­sic­ké ces­ty a uli­ce. Naj­zná­mej­ší kanál je Canal Gran­de, kto­rý pre­chá­dza cez celé mes­to. Rov­na­ko zná­me sú aj mos­ty, vrá­ta­ne sláv­ne­ho Rial­tov­ho mos­ta. Benát­ky sú zná­me svo­jou archi­tek­tú­rou. Sláv­ne sú naprí­klad Bazi­li­ka svä­té­ho Mar­ka, Palaz­zo Duca­le (Dóžen­ský palác) a Cam­pa­ni­le di San Mar­co – Zvo­ni­ca svä­té­ho Mar­ka. Gon­do­ly, tra­dič­né benát­ske lode sú sym­bo­lom mes­ta. Turis­ti si čas­to uží­va­jú roman­tic­kú plav­bu kanál­mi s gon­do­lie­rom. Okrem toho sú k dis­po­zí­cii aj verej­né vod­né auto­bu­sy, tzv. vapo­ret­ty, kto­ré slú­žia ako doprav­ný pros­trie­dok pre miest­nych a náv­štev­ní­kov. Benát­ky sú domo­vom pre­stíž­ne­ho ume­nia a archi­tek­tú­ry na sve­to­vom stup­ni, vrá­ta­ne sláv­ne­ho Benát­ske­ho bie­ná­le, kto­ré je jed­ným z naj­star­ších a naj­výz­nam­nej­ších sve­to­vých ume­lec­kých podu­ja­tí. Benát­ky majú svo­ju vlast­nú flo­ti­lu lodi, vrá­ta­ne tzv. vapo­ret­to, vod­ných taxí­kov a iných malých pla­vi­diel, kto­ré slú­žia na dopra­vu a pre­pra­vu tova­ru. Benát­ky čelia prob­lé­mu stú­pa­jú­cej hla­di­ny mora (aqua alta), čo zna­me­ná, že nie­kto­ré čas­ti mes­ta môžu byť občas zapla­ve­né. Je to prob­lém aj v súvis­los­ti s kli­ma­tic­kou zme­nou. Benát­ky majú neza­me­ni­teľ­ný cha­rak­ter, roman­tic­kú atmo­sfé­ru, kto­rá kaž­do­roč­ne pri­tiah­ne mili­ó­ny turistov.

Mes­to Benát­ky zalo­ži­li v roku 452 Ilýr­ski Vené­ti (Gosur​fing​.sk). V 5. sto­ro­čí sa na neobý­va­né ostro­vy uchý­li­li oby­va­te­lia oko­li­tých pev­nin­ských miest pred nájazd­mi bar­ba­rov – Hunov. Pre­dov­šet­kým aqu­ilej­skí Rima­nia. V roku 829 boli do Bená­tok sláv­nost­ne pri­ve­ze­né relik­vie evan­je­lis­tu sv. Mar­ka, kto­ré boli ulú­pe­né v Ale­xan­drii. V roku 1866 sú Benát­ky pri­po­je­né ku Talian­ske­mu krá­ľov­stvu. (Wiki­pe­dia). Benát­ky sú seve­ro­ta­lian­skym hlav­ným mes­tom regi­ó­nu Benát­ky – Vene­to, vybu­do­va­ným na 118 plo­chých lagú­no­vých ostro­voch tiah­nu­cich sa pozdĺž Jad­ran­ské­ho mora, kto­ré navzá­jom odde­ľu­jú úzke kaná­ly, pre­po­je­né vyše 400 mos­tmi. Naj­star­ší a asi naj­zná­mej­ší z nich je Pon­te di Rial­to, kto­rý sto­jí od kon­ca 16. sto­ro­čia na 12 000 dre­ve­ných koloch. Je dlhý 48 a širo­ký 22 met­rov (Gosur​fing​.sk). Zau­jí­ma­ví ľudia spo­je­ní s Benát­ka­mi: ces­to­va­teľ Mar­co Polo (12541324), rene­sanč­ný maliar Titian (cca 148814901576), hudob­ník Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di (15671643), diva­del­ník Car­lo Gol­do­ni, Gia­co­mo Casa­no­va (17251798) (Wiki­pe­dia).


Veni­ce is loca­ted on the nort­he­ast coast of Ita­ly in an area kno­wn as the Vene­tian Lago­on. The city is com­po­sed of 118 islands con­nec­ted by a series of canals and brid­ges. The pri­ma­ry tho­rough­fa­res in Veni­ce are the canals, which repla­ce tra­di­ti­onal roads and stre­ets. The most famous canal is the Grand Canal, which tra­ver­ses the enti­re city. Equ­al­ly reno­wned are the brid­ges, inc­lu­ding the ico­nic Rial­to Bridge.

Veni­ce is celeb­ra­ted for its archi­tec­tu­re, with notab­le land­marks such as St. Mar­k’s Basi­li­ca, the Doge­’s Pala­ce (Palaz­zo Duca­le), and the Cam­pa­ni­le di San Mar­co (St. Mar­k’s Cam­pa­ni­le). Gon­do­las, tra­di­ti­onal Vene­tian boats, ser­ve as a sym­bol of the city. Tou­rists often enjoy roman­tic canal rides with gon­do­liers. Addi­ti­onal­ly, pub­lic water buses, kno­wn as vapo­ret­tos, ser­ve as a means of tran­s­por­ta­ti­on for both locals and visitors.

The city is a hub of pre­sti­gi­ous art and archi­tec­tu­re on the glo­bal sta­ge, hos­ting events like the reno­wned Veni­ce Bien­na­le, one of the oldest and most sig­ni­fi­cant inter­na­ti­onal art exhi­bi­ti­ons. Veni­ce main­tains its own fle­et of boats, inc­lu­ding vapo­ret­tos, water taxis, and other small ves­sels used for tran­s­por­ta­ti­on and cargo.

Veni­ce faces the chal­len­ge of rising sea levels (aqua alta), lea­ding to occa­si­onal flo­oding in cer­tain parts of the city. This issue is exa­cer­ba­ted by cli­ma­te chan­ge. Des­pi­te the­se chal­len­ges, Veni­ce remains an unpa­ral­le­led des­ti­na­ti­on, offe­ring a dis­tinc­ti­ve cha­rac­ter and a roman­tic atmo­sp­he­re that att­racts mil­li­ons of tou­rists annually.

The city of Veni­ce was foun­ded in 452 by Illy­rian Vene­ti (Gosur​fing​.sk). In the 5th cen­tu­ry, inha­bi­tants of sur­roun­ding main­land cities sought refu­ge on unin­ha­bi­ted islands from the inva­si­ons of bar­ba­rians, par­ti­cu­lar­ly the Aqu­ile­ian Romans fle­e­ing the Huns. In 829, the relics of the Evan­ge­list Saint Mark, sto­len in Ale­xan­dria, were cere­mo­ni­ous­ly brought to Veni­ce. In 1866, Veni­ce was anne­xed to the King­dom of Ita­ly (Wiki­pe­dia). Veni­ce is the nort­hern Ita­lian capi­tal of the Vene­to regi­on, built on 118 flat lago­on islands along the Adria­tic Sea. The­se islands are sepa­ra­ted by nar­row canals and con­nec­ted by over 400 brid­ges. The oldest and per­haps most famous of them is the Rial­to Brid­ge, which has sto­od sin­ce the late 16th cen­tu­ry on 12,000 wooden piles. It is 48 meters long and 22 meters wide (Gosur​fing​.sk). Notab­le figu­res asso­cia­ted with Veni­ce inc­lu­de the explo­rer Mar­co Polo (12541324), Renais­san­ce pain­ter Titian (cir­ca 1488 to 14901576), musi­cian Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di (15671643), pla­y­wright Car­lo Gol­do­ni, and Gia­co­mo Casa­no­va (17251798) (Wiki­pe­dia).


Vene­zia si tro­va­no sul­la cos­ta nord-​orientale del­l’I­ta­lia, nel­la zona conos­ciu­ta come Lagu­na di Vene­zia. La cit­tà è com­pos­ta da 118 iso­le col­le­ga­te da una serie di cana­li e pon­ti. Le prin­ci­pa­li vie di tra­spor­to a Vene­zia sono i cana­li, che sos­ti­tu­is­co­no le stra­de e le vie tra­di­zi­ona­li. Il cana­le più famo­so è il Canal Gran­de, che att­ra­ver­sa l’in­te­ra cit­tà. Anche i pon­ti, com­pre­so il famo­so Pon­te di Rial­to, sono ben noti.

Vene­zia è famo­sa per la sua archi­tet­tu­ra. Tra i suoi monu­men­ti più celeb­ri ci sono la Basi­li­ca di San Mar­co, il Palaz­zo Duca­le e il Cam­pa­ni­le di San Mar­co. Le gon­do­le, tra­di­zi­ona­li imbar­ca­zi­oni vene­zia­ne, sono il sim­bo­lo del­la cit­tà. I turis­ti spes­so godo­no di roman­ti­che pas­seg­gia­te sui cana­li con il gon­do­lie­re. Inol­tre, sono dis­po­ni­bi­li i vapo­ret­ti, i tra­spor­ti pubb­li­ci via acqua, che ser­vo­no sia i resi­den­ti che i visitatori.

Vene­zia è pat­ria di un’ar­te e archi­tet­tu­ra pre­sti­gi­osa a livel­lo mon­dia­le, inc­lu­sa la famo­sa Bien­na­le di Vene­zia, uno degli even­ti artis­ti­ci più anti­chi e impor­tan­ti al mon­do. Vene­zia possie­de una prop­ria flot­ta di imbar­ca­zi­oni, tra cui i vapo­ret­ti, i taxi acqu­ati­ci e altre pic­co­le imbar­ca­zi­oni uti­liz­za­te per il tra­spor­to e la movi­men­ta­zi­one di mer­ci. La cit­tà aff­ron­ta il prob­le­ma del­l’in­nal­za­men­to del livel­lo del mare (acqua alta), il che sig­ni­fi­ca che alcu­ne par­ti del­la cit­tà posso­no esse­re occa­si­onal­men­te inon­da­te. Ques­to è un prob­le­ma lega­to al cam­bia­men­to cli­ma­ti­co. Vene­zia ha un carat­te­re uni­co e un’at­mos­fe­ra roman­ti­ca che atti­ra mili­oni di turis­ti ogni anno.

La cit­tà di Vene­zia fu fon­da­ta nel 452 dai Vene­ti Illi­ri­ci (Gosur​fing​.sk). Nel V seco­lo, gli abi­tan­ti del­le cit­tà cir­cos­tan­ti sul­la ter­ra­fer­ma cer­ca­ro­no rifu­gio su iso­le disa­bi­ta­te dal­le inva­si­oni dei bar­ba­ri, in par­ti­co­la­re dai Roma­ni aqu­ile­ie­si in fuga dag­li Unni. Nel 829 le reli­qu­ie del­l’e­van­ge­lis­ta San Mar­co, ruba­te ad Ales­san­dria, furo­no por­ta­te solen­ne­men­te a Vene­zia. Nel 1866 Vene­zia fu annes­sa al Regno d’I­ta­lia (Wiki­pe­dia). Vene­zia è la capi­ta­le ita­lia­na del Vene­to, situ­ata nel nord, cos­tru­ita su 118 iso­le piat­te nel­la lagu­na lun­go il Mar Adria­ti­co. Ques­te iso­le sono sepa­ra­te da stret­ti cana­li e col­le­ga­te da oltre 400 pon­ti. Il più anti­co e for­se più famo­so di essi è il Pon­te di Rial­to, che si erge dal tar­do XVI seco­lo su 12.000 pali di leg­no. Ha una lun­ghez­za di 48 met­ri e una larg­hez­za di 22 met­ri (Gosur​fing​.sk). Per­so­nag­gi note­vo­li asso­cia­ti a Vene­zia inc­lu­do­no l’esp­lo­ra­to­re Mar­co Polo (12541324), il pit­to­re rinas­ci­men­ta­le Tizia­no (cir­ca 148814901576), il musi­cis­ta Clau­dio Mon­te­ver­di (15671643), il dram­ma­tur­go Car­lo Gol­do­ni e Gia­co­mo Casa­no­va (17251798) (Wiki­pe­dia).


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